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Table 4 Outcome measures

From: Altering Dynamics of Autonomic Processing Therapy (ADAPT) trial: a novel, targeted treatment for reducing anxiety in joint hypermobility

Level of outcome

Outcome measures

Primary outcome

Anxiety levels (BAI) [28]

Secondary outcomes

Autonomic trait prediction error (calculated by z- transforming the mean proportional rise in heart rate on active stand [orthostasis] and subtracting the z-transformed orthostatic sub-scale of the Autonomic Symptoms of Quality of Life Score [40] for each participant)

Interoceptive trait prediction error (i.e. the mismatch between objective interoceptive accuracy and subjective interoceptive sensibility [44]) will be calculated using the difference between interoceptive sensitivity (i.e. accuracy) and sensibility.

Interoceptive sensibility and interoceptive sensitivity scores will be z-transformed and one subtracted from the other.

Interoceptive sensitivity score will be calculated across the heartbeat tracking trials at assessment using this equation [44, 45]:

\( 1-\frac{\left|{\mathrm{nbeats}}_{\mathrm{real}}-{\mathrm{nbeats}}_{\mathrm{reported}}\right|}{\left({\mathrm{nbeats}}_{\mathrm{real}}+{\mathrm{nbeats}}_{\mathrm{reported}}/2\right)} \)

for heartbeat discrimination trials, this will be calculated by: number of correct trials / number of total trials in assessment

Interoceptive sensibility will be assessed using the total score from the Body Perception Questionnaire [39].

Presence/absence of psychiatric disorder as evidenced by the MINI [27]: Major depressive episode, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and generalised anxiety disorder

Psychiatric symptomatology as evidenced by scores on the:

1. GAD-7 [43]

2. PHQ-9 [32]

3. Work and Social Adjustment Scale [33]

4. Anxiety Sensitivity Index [35]

5. Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 [36]

6. Dissociative Experiences Scale [37]

7. Panic Disorder Severity Scale [38]

Feasibility and acceptability measures of RCT (e.g. practicability, tolerability, Satisfaction with Therapy questionnaire [46])