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Table 1 Inclusion criteria

From: Caudal epidural steroid injections versus selective nerve root blocks for single-level lumbar spinal stenosis: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

1) Lumbar MRI scan shows LSS at a single level (sagittal diameter of lumbar central canal < 13 mm; dural sac area < 100 mm2), with no prolapsed or sequestered discs.

2) Recurrent intermittent claudication and unable to walk long distances.

3) Aged 50–85 years and in need of pain relief.

4) Inflammation-induced pain.

5) Less than a 3-month history of radiating pain in the lower legs.

6) LANSS score ≥ 12.

  1. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; LSS, lumbar spinal stenosis; LANSS, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs