Table 3 Baseline and follow-up measures

Demographics

Date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, education level, household income, employment, and marital status.

x

Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [31]

13-item scale assesses the severity of trait pain catastrophizing tendencies on a 5-point scale (0 = “not at all”; 4 = “all the time”); sum scores range from 0 to 52. The PCS has 3 factors (helplessness, magnification, rumination) and has good psychometrics [31]. Higher score reflects more catastrophizing.

x

x

x

PROMIS measures [27]

NIH PROMIS measures will be used to assess multiple variables of interest, including pain intensity, pain interference, physical function, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, social isolation, anger, and fatigue. Short form 4- to 8-item measures will be used to minimize participant burden.

x

x

x

Pain bothersomeness

Single-item measure of pain bothersomeness in the past week from “not at all bothersome” to “extremely bothersome.”

x

x

x

COVID-19

4-item if tested negative and 9-item if tested positive for COVID-19. Assess how the coronavirus impacts chronic pain, day-to-day life, depression, and psychological health.

x

x

Satisfaction with treatment and Zoom (ER group only)

ER group will answer a 13-item survey that assesses the class experience and using Zoom (video-conferencing) as it relates to engagement, relevancy, and usefulness.

x

Skill use (ER group only)

ER group will answer 5 questions assessing the frequency of skills use learned in class over the past week, from “not at all” to “several times a day.”

x