Table 3 Outcome variables measured at baseline, at the 8th week, and at the 24th week as the final visit, showing changes between visits and group differences

 According to the Hill-Bone checklist

Intervention group

58.5 ± 7.42

65.1 ± 2.44

66.1 ± 2.00

5.9 (5.0–6.7)

Control group

59.1 ± 5.07

59.7 ± 3.69

59.9 ± 3.51

 According to the self-assessment

Intervention group

15.3 ± 4.64

19.5 ± 0.86

19.7 ± 0.71

1.9 (1.5–2.3)

Control group

17.0 ± 3.14

18.4 ± 1.91

18.0 ± 1.50

 Adherence to low-salt diet*

Intervention group

14.3 ± 5.7

18.40 ± 1.18

18.59 ± 0.91

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

Control group

15.8 ± 3.4

17.30 ± 1.87

17.12 ± 1.41

 Adherence to low-fat diet*

Intervention group

16.0 ± 3.0

17.86 ± 1.06

18.21 ± 0.78

1.7 (1.3–2.1)

Control group

15.8 ± 3.3

17.13 ± 1.78

16.66 ± 1.72

 BMI (kg/m²)

Intervention group

29.7 ± 3.4

29.3 ± 3.5

28.6 ± 3.2

1.2 (0.77–3.2)

Control group

28.5 ± 3.6

30.2 ± 15.5

28.4 ± 3.7

 MAP (mmHg)

Intervention group

108.1 ± 13.5

95.5 ± 3.66

94.8 ± 3.42

3.4 (1.6–5.2)

Control group

114.9 ± 14.30

98.9 ± 6.84

100.1 ± 7.20

 Vigorous physical activity 2*

Intervention group

162.2 ± 83.2

195.0 ± 79.9

173.3 ± 68.6

97.3 (41.1–153.1)

Control group

162.0 ± 100.8

140.20 ± 69.3

56.7 ± 18.9

 Moderate physical activity 3*

Intervention group

169.4 ± 132.8

260.9 ± 115.9

247.3 ± 96.29

100.0 (61.7–138.3)

Control group

113.0 ± 72.9

154.6 ± 135.47

102.7 ± 53.33

 Knowledge 4*

Intervention group

2.7 ± 2.3

6.4 ± 1.2

6.4 ± 1.2

2.9 (1.6–4.2)

Control group

2.1 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 1.2

3.1 ± 1.4

 Attitude 5*

Intervention group

23.0 ± 5.43

26.4 ± 2.82

24.55 ± 4.97

2.3 (1.2–3.4)

Control group

23.8 ± 4.47

24.13 ± 3.45

22.68 ± 4.48

 Self-efficacy*

Intervention group

16.18 ± 2.03

16.9 ± 1.42

16.9 ± 1.41

1.7 (1.3–2.2)

Control group

14.75 ± 2.30

14.5 ± 1.76

14.6 ± 1.58