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Table 4 Outcome measures for POCUS and x-ray trial arms

From: Bedside Ultrasound Conducted in Kids with distal upper Limb fractures in the Emergency Department (BUCKLED): a protocol for an open-label non-inferiority diagnostic randomised controlled trial

Primary outcome measure:

• Physical function of injured upper limb at 4 weeks (28 ± 3 days), as determined by the PROMIS tool.

Secondary outcome measures:

• Direct and indirect health care costs (healthcare provider visits, days off work/school)

• Health related quality of life (QOL), as determined by the CHU9D

• Satisfaction score (patient and parent)

• Patient pain score measured using the FPSR

• Rates of complications (alternate fracture diagnosed, poor fracture healing)

• Rates of x-ray and other imaging (particularly the ‘no’ and ‘buckle’ fracture groups)

• ED length of stay (triage to ED discharge)

• Treatment time (clinician review to ED discharge)

• Diagnostic accuracy of POCUS, including secondary signs, and x-ray

  1. Key: PROMIS Pediatric Upper Extremity Short Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, CHU9D Child Health Utility 9D, FPSR Faces Pain Score Revised