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Table 1 Secondary objectives and endpoints

From: Stereotactic cisternal lavage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with urokinase and nimodipine for the prevention of secondary brain injury (SPLASH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Secondary objectives

Secondary endpoints

To assess the effect of the IT on neuropsychological outcome

Neuropsychological outcome at 6 months following aSAH:

- Cognitive performance (Montreal Cognitive Assessment)

- Health-related quality of life (SF-36)

- Fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale)

- Post-traumatic stress disorder (Impact of Event Scale–R)

Return-to-work parameters at 6 months

To assess the effect of the IT on DCI

Rate and severity of DCI according to the Vergouwen criteria

To assess the effect of the IT on delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) after aSAH

Rate of delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND), defined as clinical deterioration caused by delayed cerebral ischemia (i.e., a new focal neurological deficit or decline on the Glasgow Coma Scale of 1 point not attributable to other causes) on days 3–21

To assess the effect of the IT on the development of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus

Rates of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus at 6 months following aSAH

To assess the effect of the IT on sonographic vasospasm

Delta mean flow velocities of both middle cerebral arteries—measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography on days 3–21

To assess the effect of the IT on the need for endovascular interventions for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm

Rate of endovascular interventions for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm

To assess the effect of the IT on the course of intensive care therapy

Key parameters of intensive care medicine (Sequential Organ Failure Score)

To assess the effect of the IT on morphological brain damage

Morphological brain damage at 6 months after aSAH as assessed by MRI

To assess the effect of the IT on further clinical and surrogate outcomes

NIHSS score at days 3–21 and at 6 months

Key parameters of endocrinological dysfunction

Key markers of neuronal injury and systemic inflammation in patient blood

Electroencephalographic patterns as measured by continuous EEG monitoring during intensive care period (exploratory endpoint)

To assess the safety of the IT

Safety of IT: (serious) adverse events related to the IT