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Table 3 Atherogenic index of plasma, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and old and new anthropometric indices at baseline and post-intervention

From: Consumption of melatonin supplement improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and anthropometric indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Variable

Control group (n = 25)

Intervention group (n = 25)

p-value*

p-value**

p-value***

Baseline

After 8 weeks

p-value

Baseline

After 8 weeks

p-value

  

Weight (kg)

72.84 ± 6.70

72.98 ± 6.78

0.75

73.88 ± 8.85

70.28 ± 7.57

0.001

0.19

0.15

 

 Changes

− 1.00 (− 1.00, 1.00)

− 3.00 (− 6.50, − 1.50)

  

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

27.42 ± 2.01

27.47 ± 2.03

0.76

27.38 ± 2.16

26.11 ± 2.39

0.002

0.03

0.06

 

 Changes

− 0.30 (− 0.39, 0.42)

− 1.17 (− 2.40, − 0.51)

  

< 0.001

WC (cm)

102.00 ± 8.45

102.00 ± 8.18

1.00

101.60 ± 10.07

99.48 ± 9.54

0.01

0.32

0.26

 

 Changes

0.00 (− 1.00, 1.00)

− 1.00 (−3.00, 0.00)

  

0.003

HC (cm)

107.80 ± 8.69

107.10 ± 7.17

0.45

106.76 ± 10.04

103.04 ± 9.32

0.001

0.09

0.12

 

 Changes

0.00 (− 1.00, 1.00)

− 2.00 (− 5.00, − 1.00)

  

< 0.001

FBG (mg/dl)

163.44 ± 33.48

160.72 ± 51.37

0.76

172.04 ± 34.18

151.72 ± 51.27

0.08

0.53

0.59

 

 Changes

− 1.00 (− 28.50, 11.00)

− 4.00 (− 52.50, 14.00)

  

0.71

SBP (mmHg)

120.80 ± 16.30

122.80 ± 12.08

0.26

124.00 ± 15.27

114.40 ± 12.60

0.004

0.02

0.05

 

 Changes

0.00 (− 5.00, 10.00)

0.00 (− 10.00, 0.00)

  

0.003

MAP (mmHg)

90.13 ± 10.56

91.33 ± 8.81

0.39

90.66 ± 9.90

84.80 ± 8.33

0.003

0.01

0.01

 

 Changes

0.00 (− 3.33, 3.33)

− 3.33 (− 10.00, 0.00)

  

0.005

PP (mmHg)

46.00 ± 13.22

47.20 ± 12.08

0.47

50.00 ± 11.54

44.40 ± 11.21

0.02

0.40

0.60

 

 Changes

0.00 (− 10.00, 10.00)

0.00 (− 10.00, 0.00)

  

0.03

AIP

0.52 ± 0.18

0.53 ± 0.18

0.62

0.55 ± 0.11

0.49 ± 0.15

0.06

0.45

0.77

 

 Changes

0.01 (− 0.04, 0.08)

− 0.08 (− 0.15, 0.05)

  

0.10

LAP (cm mmol l)

66.68 ± 23.61

68.00 ± 26.42

0.64

77.74 ± 39.57

71.20 ± 32.26

0.22

0.70

0.47

 

 Changes

− 1.71 (− 8.28, 11.17)

− 3.06 (− 23.87, 14.34)

  

0.42

ABSI (m11/6 kg−2/3)

0.037 ± 0.009

0.036 ± 0.008

0.12

0.037 ± 0.005

0.04 ± 0.004

< 0.001

0.05

0.18

 

 Changes

0.000 (− 0.001, 0.001)

0.002 (0.001, 0.005)

  

< 0.001

AVI

20.94 ± 3.38

20.93 ± 3.28

0.96

20.84 ± 4.10

19.96 ± 3.85

0.01

0.34

0.29

 

 Changes

0.00 (− 0.42, 0.40)

− 0.45 (− 1.10, 0.00)

  

0.004

BAI (kg/m2)

32.88 ± 4.31

31.72 ± 3.59

0.07

32.95 ± 5.68

29.74 ± 4.56

< 0.001

0.09

0.09

 

 Changes

− 1.04 (− 3.33, 0.45)

− 3.38 (− 5.36, − 0.92)

  

0.04

Conicity

1.40 ± 0.10

1.39 ± 0.10

0.90

1.42 ± 0.08

1.39 ± 0.08

0.001

0.88

0.65

 

 Changes

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

− 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.00)

  

0.003

Waist-to-height ratio

0.62 ± 0.05

0.62 ± 0.04

0.98

0.61 ± 0.05

0.60 ± 0.05

0.02

0.21

0.22

 

 Changes

0.000 (− 0.006, 0.006)

− 0.006 (− 0.018, 0.000)

  

0.01

  1. Values are expressed as means ± SD for normal data and median (Q1–Q3) for abnormal data. p < 0.05 was considered as significant using the paired T-test
  2. *p < 0.05 was considered as significant using the independent T-test between the two groups post-intervention (crude model)
  3. **p < 0.05 was considered as significant using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) between the two groups post-intervention after the adjustment for confounding factors (model 1)
  4. ***p < 0.05 was considered as significant changes using the Mann–Whitney U test between the two groups post-intervention
  5. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, HC hip circumference, FBG fasting blood glucose, SBP systolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, PP pulse pressure, TG triglyceride, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AIP atherogenic index of plasma, ABSI a body shape index, AVI abdominal volume index, BAI body adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product
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ISSN: 1745-6215