Table 2 Homogeneity tests for baseline demographic characteristics and study variables of 56 participants with acute lateral ankle sprain

Age (years)

39.81 ± 15.02

39.28 ± 14.23

0.14 (0.891)^a

Gender (female)

17 (63.0%)

20 (69.0%)

0.23 (0.635)^b

Lesion side (right)

14 (51.9%)

19 (65.5%)

1.09 (0.299)^b

Sprain injury rating (grade I)

14 (46.7)

16 (55.2)

0.27 (0.599)^b

Duration

3.30 ± 1.92

3.72 ± 1.62

0.90 (0.370)^b

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.78 ± 3.74

24.36 ± 3.55)

0.44 (0.663)^a

VAS score of pain

4.11 ± 1.40

4.79 ± 2.02

1.44 (0.154)^a

Degree of edema (cm)

0.56 ± 0.64

0.48 ± 0.78

−0.38 (0.706^)a

EQ-5D-5 L

9.41 ± 2.37

9.90 ± 2.83

0.70 (0.488)^a

FAOS

322.11 ± 65.78

318.32 ± 76.72

−0.21 (0.838^)a

FAOS symptom/rigidity

68.01 ± 14.46

69.91 ± 16.52

0.46 (0.650)^a

FAOS ache

69.39 ± 15.52

68.24 ± 17.18

−0.26 (0.794)^a

FAOS function everyday life

75.93 ± 14.75

77.38 ± 16.17

0.35 (0.729)^a

FAOS features sports/leisure

50.56 ± 25.34

52.17 ± 19.99

0.23 (0.818)^a

FAOS quality of life

58.22 ± 21.23

50.63 ± 25.35

−1.19 (0.233)^a