The effects of exercise training on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and autonomic response to acute stress—a randomized controlled study

Table 5 Mixed between-within subjects’ ANOVA for pre-test, peak, and lowest value at baseline and follow-up

	n	Baseline to follow-up			Group			Time*group
	n	F	p	Eta squared	F	p	Eta squared	F	p	Eta squared
Pre-test
ACTH (pmol/L)*	85	1.63	0.205	0.02	4.51	0.037	0.05	0.19	0.668	0.00
Cort (nmol/L)*	82	4.27	0.042	0.05	0.58	0.447	0.01	0.32	0.575	0.00
SBP (mmHg)*	86	1.93	0.169	0.02	0.14	0.706	0.00	0.01	0.931	0.00
DBP (mmHg)*	86	2.49	0.119	0.03	2.66	0.107	0.03	0.89	0.349	0.01
HR (Bpm)	82	24.24	< 0.001	0.23	1.04	0.311	0.01	0.07	0.935	0.00
Peak
ACTH (pmol/L)*	87	0.46	0.500	0.01	2.08	0.153	0.02	0.00	0.953	0.00
Cort (nmol/L)*	85	2.33	0.131	0.03	0.35	0.558	0.00	0.00	0.983	0.00
SBP (mmHg)	85	15.55	< 0.001	0.16	2.06	0.155	0.02	0.74	0.393	0.01
DBP (mmHg)*	85	5.14	0.026	0.06	5.21	0.025	0.06	0.59	0.444	0.01
HR (Bpm)*	84	0.09	0.763	0.00	0.20	0.657	0.00	2.47	0.120	0.03
Lowest
ACTH (pmol/L)*	87	1.48	0.227	0.02	1.85	0.177	0.02	0.02	0.880	0.00
Cort (nmol/L)*	85	1.72	0.194	0.02	0.01	0.931	0.00	0.05	0.822	0.00
SBP (mmHg)*	88	0.44	0.507	0.01	0.15	0.704	0.00	0.44	0.509	0.01
DBP (mmHg)*	88	1.13	0.235	0.02	3.74	0.057	0.04	2.28	0.135	0.03
HR (Bpm)*	88	0.02	0.884	0.00	0.68	0.411	0.01	0.12	0.727	0.00

Pre-test: mean value of the − 10 and − 0 min samples taken before the test started. Peak: highest value after the test (10 or 20 min for ACTH and cortisol and during or directly after for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate). Lowest value: last value (60 min) for ACTH and cortisol, the lowest value between 10 and 60 min for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate
ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBT diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, Bpm beats per minute
*Adjusted for sex

ISSN: 1745-6215