Transcription factor | Xanthohumol mechanisms | Pertinent clinical conditions |
---|---|---|
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) | FXR agonist in vitro and in vivo | • Type 2 diabetes mellitus • Metabolic syndrome • Dyslipidemia • Obesity • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease • Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis • Cholelithiasis • Inflammatory bowel disease • Cancer |
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) | Inhibits activation of NFkB in vitro and in vivo | • Inflammatory bowel disease • Rheumatic disease • Asthma • Autoimmunity • Cancer |
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) | Increases expression of and activation of NRF2 in vitro | • Autoimmunity • Alzheimer’s disease • Inflammatory bowel disease • Cancer |