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Table 3 Characteristics of the index sample of pragmatic RCTs

From: Process evaluation within pragmatic randomised controlled trials: what is it, why is it done, and can we find it?—a systematic review

Randomisation level

Comparator

 Individual

25

 Usual care

15

 Cluster

6

 Other intervention(s)

10

  

 Stepped-wedge control period

2

Design

 Comparing two settings

1

 2-arm

22

 Comparing two deliverers

1

 Non-inferiority (2-arm)

4

 No intervention

1

 3-arm

3

 Sham clinical procedure

1

 Crossover

1

  

 Stepped-wedge

1

Publishing journal

  

 British Medical Journal

7

Primary outcome result

 Lancet

7

 No evidence of effect

15

 JAMA

5

 Evidence of effect

11

 Canadian Medical Association Journal

2

 Non-inferiority trial

4

 JAMA Pediatrics

2

 Unclear

1

 Critical Care Medicine

1

  

 Gut

1

Funder

 JAMA Internal Medicine

1

 Public

25

 JAMA Psychiatry

1

 Multiple funders

3

 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

1

 Charity

1

 New England Journal of Medicine

1

 Independent Organisation

1

 Nursing Research

1

 Not reported

1

 The American Journal of Psychiatry

1

Type of intervention

Country

 Pharmacological treatment strategy

9

 UK

12

 Clinical procedure

4

 USA

8

 Therapy intervention

4

 Australia

3

 Clinical treatment strategy

3

 Netherlands

2

 Model of care provision

3

 Brazil

1

 Reminder system

3

 Canada

1

 Health promotion

3

 France

1

 Medical device

2

 France, Belgium and Switzerland

1

  

 Hong Kong

1

  

 North Americaa

1

  1. aCountries not specified in original article