Table 1 Participant and insertion characteristics at insertion
n | Intervention | Control | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Group sizea | 111 | 56 (50) | 55 (50) | 111 (100) |
Female gender | 111 | 28 (50) | 29 (53) | 57 (51) |
Age (years)b | 111 | 59 (15) | 62 (16) | 61 (16) |
Body mass indexb | 111 | 28 (10) | 31 (16) | 30 (13) |
Comorbidities | 111 | |||
None | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 3 (3) | |
One | 7 (12) | 8 (15) | 15 (14) | |
Two | 9 (16) | 5 (9) | 14 (13) | |
Three | 7 (12) | 6 (11) | 13 (12) | |
Four or more | 31 (55) | 35 (64) | 66 (59) | |
History ofc | ||||
Clot | 109 | 17 (30) | 17 (32) | 34 (31) |
Antithrombotic therapy | 108 | 46 (84) | 48 (91) | 94 (87) |
Diagnosis at admission | 111 | |||
Surgical | 39 (70) | 35 (64) | 74 (67) | |
Medical | 12 (21) | 15 (27) | 27 (24) | |
Other | 5 (9) | 5 (9) | 10 (9) | |
Infection at time of recruitment | 111 | 38 (68) | 31 (56) | 69 (62) |
Wound at time of recruitment | 111 | 35 (62) | 27 (49) | 62 (56) |
Side of insertion: non-dominant arm | 110 | 33 (60) | 35 (64) | 68 (62) |
PICC placement: | 110 | |||
Basilic | 46 (84) | 40 (73) | 86 (78) | |
Brachial | 8 (15) | 12 (22) | 20 (18) | |
Other | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 4 (4) | |
Catheter size: | 110 | |||
5 Fr | 54 (98) | 53 (96) | 107 (97) | |
4 Fr | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 3 (3) | |
Lumens | 110 | |||
Two | 54 (98) | 53 (96) | 107 (97) | |
One | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 3 (3) | |
Difficult insertion | 111 | 20 (36) | 13 (24) | 33 (30) |
Number of attempts | 110 | |||
One (first time success) | 40 (71) | 42 (78) | 82 (75) | |
Two | 9 (16) | 6 (11) | 15 (14) | |
Three or more | 7 (12) | 6 (11) | 13 (12) | |
Inserted by | 110 | |||
Radiographer | 27 (49) | 26 (47) | 53 (48) | |
Nurse | 21 (38) | 21 (38) | 42 (38) | |
Doctor | 7 (13) | 8 (15) | 15 (14) | |
Ease of insertiond,e | 108 | 7.5 (5.0–9.0) | 10.0 (7.0–10.0) | 8.0 (5.0–10.0) |
Satisfaction with insertion kitd,e | 108 | 7.0 (3.0–8.0) | 10.0 (10.0–10.0) | 9.0 (7.0–10.0) |
PICC inserter level of experience | 108 | |||
No history of insertion | 16 (29) | 1 (2) | 17 (16) | |
One to ten devices inserted | 37 (66) | 12 (23) | 49 (45) | |
11 or more devices inserted | 3 (5) | 39 (75) | 42 (39) | |