Table 1 Baseline demographics and drug use characteristics by treatment arm
|  | Total (n = 297) | SAR (n = 149) | SBCM-ED (n = 148) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) |
 Gender | ||||||
  Male | 256 | (86.2) | 126 | (84.6) | 130 | (87.8) |
  Female | 41 | (13.8) | 23 | (15.4) | 18 | (12.2) |
 Age mean years (SD) | 43.7 | (10.8) | 43.0 | (10.8) | 44.4 | (10.8) |
 Race/ethnicity | ||||||
  Hispanic/Latino | 98 | (33.0) | 46 | (30.9) | 52 | (35.1) |
  Black/African-American | 97 | (32.7) | 50 | (33.6) | 47 | (31.8) |
  White | 74 | (24.9) | 38 | (25.5) | 36 | (24.3) |
  Asian/Asian-Amer./Pacific Islander | 8 | (2.7) | 5 | (3.4) | 3 | (2.0) |
  Other | 20 | (6.7) | 10 | (6.7) | 10 | (6.8) |
 Income1 mean (SD) | 15,788.70 | (24,018.9) | 15,581.97 | (23,349.91) | 15,942.49 | (24,574.65) |
 Education mean years (SD) | 11.7 | (2.6) | 11.8 | (2.6) | 11.5 | (2.6) |
 Currently employed | ||||||
  Yes | 50 | (16.8) | 25 | (16.8) | 25 | (16.9) |
  No | 247 | (82.3) | 124 | (83.2) | 123 | (83.1) |
 Stable living situation | ||||||
  Yes | 149 | (50.2) | 83 | (55.7) | 66 | (44.6) |
  No | 148 | (49.8) | 66 | (44.3) | 82 | (55.4) |
 Lifetime opioid treatment (yes) | 230 | (77.4) | 115 | (77.2) | 115 | (77.7) |
 Chief complaint at ED visit | ||||||
  Seeking detox | 214 | (72.1) | 105 | (70.5) | 109 | (73.6) |
  Withdrawal | 17 | (5.7) | 5 | (3.4) | 6 | (4.1) |
  Seeking medication/ methadone | 11 | (3.7) | 8 | (5.4) | 9 | (6.1) |
  Other | 55 | (18.3) | 31 | (20.8) | 24 | (16.2) |
 > 1 day(s) in healthcare institutions | ||||||
  Hospital: medical | 27 | (9.1) | 14 | (9.4) | 13 | (8.8) |
  Hospital: detox | 21 | (7.1) | 10 | (6.7) | 11 | (7.4) |
  Residential detox | 16 | (5.4) | 10 | (6.7) | 6 | (4.1) |
  Ambulatory detox | 2 | (0.7) | 2 | (1.3) | 0 | (0.0) |
  Residential program | 7 | (2.4) | 4 | (2.7) | 3 | (2.0) |
  Residential: alcohol only | 1 | (0.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.7) |
  Residential: emotional/psych | 5 | (1.7) | 2 | (1.3) | 3 | (2.0) |
  Any institution | 79 | (26.6) | 42 | (28.2) | 37 | (25.0) |
 Incarcerated in past 30 days | 15 | (5.1) | 5 | (3.4) | 10 | (6.8) |
Substance use2 | n | % or Mean (SD) | n | % or Mean (SD) | n | % or Mean (SD) |
 Street opioid use | ||||||
  Use in the last 30 (yes) | 289 | 97.3% | 146 | 98.0% | 143 | 96.6% |
  Days in last 30 | 297 | 25.7 (7.9) | 149 | 26.2 (7.2) | 148 | 25.2 (8.6) |
  Lifetime months | 293 | 185.3 (141.1) | 147 | 179.4 (135.7) | 146 | 191.3 (146.5) |
 Rx opioid use | ||||||
  Use in the last 30 (yes) | 93 | 31.3% | 50 | 33.6% | 43 | 29.1% |
  Days in last 30 | 297 | 2.6 (6.5) | 149 | 2.74 (6.7) | 148 | 2.5 (6.3) |
  Lifetime months | 199 | 85.6 (109.4) | 100 | 75.3 (93.8) | 99 | 96.1 (122.7) |
 Alcohol use | ||||||
  Use in the last 30 (yes) | 165 | 55.6% | 77 | 51.7% | 88 | 59.5% |
  Days in last 30 | 297 | 10.2 (12.6) | 149 | 9.5 (12.5) | 148 | 10.8 (12.8) |
  Lifetime months | 277 | 225.6 (149.4) | 139 | 208.8 (142.6) | 138 | 242.4 (154.6) |
 Cocaine use | ||||||
  Use in the last 30 (yes) | 193 | 65.0% | 94 | 63.1% | 99 | 66.9% |
  Days in last 30 | 297 | 9.4 (11.6) | 149 | 9.3 (11.8) | 148 | 9.5 (11.5) |
  Lifetime months | 270 | 180.7 (144.0) | 135 | 166.5 (138.3) | 135 | 194.8 (148.7) |