Yields and costs of recruitment methods with participant phenotypic characteristics for a diabetes prevention research study in an underrepresented pediatric population

Table 1 Characteristics of Latino youth who completed health screening (N = 237) in a diabetes prevention program by recruitment site

Source	Clinical	Community	Media	Word-of-mouth	P value
Source	N = 107	N = 49	N = 61	N = 20	P value
Age, years	13.9 ± 0.1	14.2 ± 0.2	13.6 ± 0.2	13.7 ± 0.3	0.17
Sex, % male (N)	55.1% (59)	77.6% (38)	62.3% (38)	80.0% (16)	0.02
Height, cm	163.4 ± 0.8	165.2 ± 1.2	162.2 ± 1.0	163.2 ± 3.9	0.41
Weight, kg	90.6 ± 1.8	88.7 ± 2.7	87.5 ± 2.3	99.2 ± 5.6	0.12
BMI, kg/m²	33.6 ± 0.5	32.4 ± 0.8	33.0 ± 0.7	34.4 ± 1.1	0.40
BMI percentile, %	98.1 ± 0.2	97.5 ± 0.4	98.1 ± 0.2	98.7 ± 0.2	0.06
Glucose
Fasting, mg/dL	89.0 ± 0.2	85.5 ± 1.9	91.2 ± 3.7	89.5 ± 1.9	0.30
2-h, mg/dL	119.1 ± 2.7	109.6 ± 4.0	116.3 ± 6.6	117.6 ± 4.3	0.47
HbA1c, %	5.5 ± 0.03	5.6 ± 0.04	5.6 ± 0.12	5.5 ± 0.07	0.99
Parental T2D history, % yes (N)	29.9% (32)	13.5% (8)	13.1% (8)	20.0% (4)	0.05
Gestational diabetes mellitus history, % yes (N)	55.2% (32)	17.2% (10)	24.1% (14)	3.4% (2)	0.15

Data are presented as estimated marginal means and standard error for continuous variables and percentages (N) for categorical variables. Univariate general linear models were performed for group comparisons for continuous variables and chi-square test statistics were performed to compare group differences for categorical variables. Significance was determined at P = 0.05

ISSN: 1745-6215