First author | Year | Country | Intervention arm (number) | Control arm (number) | Type of cluster | Type of patients₳ | Type of intervention₱ | Primary outcome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clusters | Patients | Clusters | Patients | |||||||
Sehgal [28] | 2002 | USA | 21 | 85 | 23 | 84 | Individual providers | Prevalent only | 2 and 3 | Change in Kt/V and achievement of facility Kt/V goal |
McClellan [29] | 2004 | USA | 21 | 2237 | 20 | 2044 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 1, 2, and 3 | Proportion of patients whose urea reduction ratio was ≥65% |
Leon [40] | 2006 | USA | 21 | 86 | 23 | 94 | HD units | Prevalent only | 3 | Serum albumin level |
Pradel [51] | 2008 | USA | 14 | 107 | 14 | 107 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | See ¥ |
Locatelli [53] | 2009 | EU** | NR* | 321 | NR | 278 | Nephrology Unit | Prevalent and incident | 2 | Proportions of patients with hemoglobin > 11 g/dL, serum ferritin > 100 μg/L, hypochromic red cell count < 10%, or transferrin saturation > 20% |
Sullivan [48] | 2009 | USA | 14 | 145 | 14 | 134 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent only | 3 | Serum phosphorus level |
Bond [49] | 2011 | USA | 38 | 3157 | 39 | 3135 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 2 and 3 | Change in influenza vaccination rates |
Kauric-Klein [54] | 2012 | USA | NR | 59 | NR | 59 | HD Units | Prevalent only | 3 | Changes in systolic blood pressure over time (primary outcome not explicitly stated) |
Sullivan [50] | 2012 | USA | 11 | 92 | 12 | 75 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Number of transplant process steps completed |
Bennett [55] | 2013 | AUS/NZ | 2 | 38 | 2 | 41 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 2 | Rate of referral to dietetic services for nutrition support |
Karavetian [56] | 2013 | Lebanon | 1 | 37 | 1 | 24 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Patient knowledge score£ |
Weisbord [57] | 2013 | USA | 9 | 100 | 9 | 120 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 2 | Changes in scores on pain, erectile dysfunction and depression surveys |
Rosenblum [58] | 2014 | USA | 216 | 4609 | 216 | 4551 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 2 and 4 | Positive blood culture rate |
Wileman [30] | 2014 | UK | 6 | 45 | 6 | 45 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Serum phosphate level |
Karavetian [31] | 2015 | Lebanon | 6 | 88 | 6 | 96 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Serum phosphorus level |
Bennett [32] | 2016 | AUS/NZ | 15 | 171 | 15 | 171 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 3 and 4 | 30-s sit-to-stand test |
Graham-Brown [33] | 2016 | UK | 3 | NA*** | 3 | NA*** | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent only | 4 | Left ventricular mass |
Howren [34] | 2016 | USA | 11 | 61 | 11 | 58 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Unclear: Mean interdialytic weight gain across for periods or Fluid nonadherent as defined by an interdialytic weight gain > 2.5 kg over a 4-week period |
Wileman [35] | 2016 | UK | 6 | 49 | 6 | 40 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Interdialytic weight gain |
Hymes [36] | 2017 | USA | 20 | 1245 | 20 | 1225 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 2 and 4 | Positive blood culture rate |
Patzer [37] | 2017 | USA | 67 | 4203 | 20 | 1225 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 1, 2, and 3 | Facility level transplant referral rate |
Patzer [38] | 2017 | USA | NA*** | NA*** | NA*** | NA*** | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 1, 2, and 3 | Co-primary outcomes of (i) change in proportion of patients waitlisted and (ii) disparity reduction in proportion of patients waitlisted in a dialysis facility after 1 year |
Brunelli [39] | 2018 | USA | 20 | 826 | 20 | 845 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 4 | Positive blood culture rate |
Delmas [41] | 2018 | Switzerland | NR | NR | NR | NR | HD Units | Prevalent only | 1 | Nurse quality of working life |
Griva [42] | 2018 | Singapore | 14 | 101 | 14 | 134 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent only | 3 | Serum potassium/phosphate levels and interdialytic weight gains |
Huang [43] | 2018 | China | 1 | 46 | 1 | 44 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Blood pressure monitored before each hemodialysis |
Milazi [44] | 2018 | AUS/NZ | 3 | 60 | 3 | 60 | Shifts in HD unit | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Serum phosphate level |
Song [52] | 2018 | USA | NA*** | NA*** | NA*** | NA*** | HD units | Prevalent only | 3 and 5 | Patient and surrogate self-reported preparedness for end-of-life decision making |
Sullivan [45] | 2018 | USA | 20 | 1041 | 20 | 836 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Placement on kidney transplant waiting list |
Waterman [46] | 2018 | USA | 10 | 133 | 10 | 120 | HD units | Prevalent and incident | 3 | Patients’ readiness to allow someone to be a living donor |
Dember [47] | 2019 | USA | 133 | 1938 | 133 | 2532 | HD units | Incident only | 4 | Death |