The effects of Anethum graveolens (dill) powder supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 5 The effects of dill powder supplementation on gastrointestinal symptoms at baseline and postintervention

	Dill powder (n = 21)			Placebo (n = 21)
Gastrointestinal symptom	0	1	2	0	1	2
Gastroesophageal reflux
Baseline	5 (23.8%)	7 (33.3%)	9 (42.9%)	7 (33.3%)	5 (23.8%)	9 (42.9%)
End	6 (28.6%)	9 (42.9%)	6 (28.6%)	7 (33.3%)	5 (23.8%)	9 (42.9%)
P value		0.135			1.00
Esophageal motility disorders
Baseline	18 (85.7%)	1 (4.8%)	2 (9.5%)	16 (76.2%)	3 (14.3%)	2 (9.5%)
End	16 (76.2%)	3 (14.3%)	2 (9.5%)	16 (76.2%)	3 (14.3%)	2 (9.5%)
P value		0.317			1.00
Dyspepsia
Baseline	15 (71.4%)	2 (9.5%)	4 (19%)	14 (66.7%)	3 (14.3%)	4 (19%)
End	12 (57.1%)	7 (33.3%)	2 (9.5%)	13 (61.9%)	5 (23.8%)	3 (14.3%)
P value		0.198			0.368
Gastric motility disorders
Baseline	12 (57.1%)	1 (4.8%)	8 (38.1%)	11 (52.4%)	2 (9.5%)	8 (38.1%)
End	15 (71.4%)	3 (14.3%)	3 (14.3%)	11 (52.4%)	2 (9.5%)	8 (38.1%)
P value		0.112			1.00
Colonic motility disorders
Baseline	7 (33.3%)	3 (14.3%)	11 (52.4%)	6 (28.6%)	5 (23.8%)	10 (47.6%)
End	10 (47.6%)	10 (47.6%)	1 (4.8%)	7 (33.3%)	4 (19%)	10 (47.6%)
P value		0.010*			0.317

The numbers 0, 1 and 2 indicate the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, where 0 = the patient had no gastrointestinal symptoms, 1 = patient had occasional gastrointestinal symptoms, and 2 = the patient had permanent gastrointestinal problems
Data are expressed as percent of relative frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms
*P < 0.05 considered as significant, and significant values are shown in bold type
P value within group comparison of variables resulted from chi-squared tests

ISSN: 1745-6215