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Table 2 Mechanism of impact and data collected as part of process evaluation

From: Protocol for the process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of independent pharmacist prescribing in care home: the CHIPPS study

Impact

Mechanism of impact

Data collected

Data source

Medication changes identified

PIP medication review

Recommendations for change and rationale

Pharmaceutical care plans

PIP interview

PIP questionnaire

Medication changes made

PIP prescribing

Total no. medications per patient at baseline and 6 months

Pharmaceutical care plans

GP records

No. medications stopped per patient at 6 months

Pharmaceutical care plans

GP records

No. medications started per patient at 6 months

Pharmaceutical care plans

GP records

No. medications amended, e.g. dose change, formulation change

Pharmaceutical care plans

GP records

No. antipsychotics/psychotropics prescribed at baseline and 6 months

Pharmaceutical care plans

GP records

Categorised description of drugs changed, stopped, started

Resident medical records

Biochemical monitoring

PIP medication review

Recommendations made for biochemical monitoring

Pharmaceutical care plans

Medication errors

PIP medication review

Number of prescribing, dispensing and administration errors

Pharmaceutical care plans

GP records

Non-patient-facing activities improved, e.g. medication storage advice

PIP support for care home

Services provided and frequency

PIP activity log

Views on usefulness of services

Care home staff interviews

PIP interview

PIP questionnaire

Better/tailored training for staff

PIP training for care home staff

Training provided and frequency

PIP activity log

Views on usefulness of training

Care home staff interviews

PIP interview

PIP questionnaire

Quality of communication between care home, GP and community pharmacy improved

PIP input into improved communication

Views of care home staff

Care home staff interviews

Views of GPs

GP interview

Views of PIPs

PIP interview

PIP questionnaire

  1. GP general practitioner; PIP pharmacist independent prescriber