Table 2 Baseline individual-level patient characteristics
Allocation | All (n = 30,667) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Usual care (n = 14,904) | Intervention (n = 15,763) | |||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Age | ||||||
50–64 | 12,249 | 82.2 | 12,749 | 80.9 | 24,998 | 81.5 |
65–75 | 2655 | 17.8 | 3014 | 19.1 | 5669 | 18.5 |
Gender | ||||||
Female | 8381 | 56.2 | 8605 | 54.6 | 16,986 | 55.4 |
Male | 6523 | 43.8 | 7158 | 45.4 | 13,681 | 44.6 |
Race | ||||||
Asian | 545 | 3.8 | 950 | 6.4 | 1495 | 5.1 |
Black | 629 | 4.4 | 743 | 5.0 | 1372 | 4.7 |
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 72 | 0.5 | 59 | 0.4 | 131 | 0.4 |
Native American | 142 | 1.0 | 146 | 1.0 | 288 | 1.0 |
Other | 9 | 0.1 | 25 | 0.2 | 34 | 0.1 |
White | 12,886 | 90.2 | 13,010 | 87.1 | 25,896 | 88.6 |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Non-Hispanic | 12,227 | 84.6 | 13,370 | 88.2 | 25,597 | 86.4 |
Hispanic | 2225 | 15.4 | 1789 | 11.8 | 4014 | 13.6 |
Language | ||||||
English | 12,032 | 81.6 | 12,600 | 81.6 | 24,632 | 81.6 |
Spanish | 1797 | 12.2 | 1361 | 8.8 | 3158 | 10.5 |
Other | 920 | 6.2 | 1475 | 9.6 | 2395 | 7.9 |
Insurance status | ||||||
Uninsured | 3494 | 23.8 | 3248 | 20.8 | 6742 | 22.3 |
Medicaid | 5642 | 38.5 | 6004 | 38.5 | 11,646 | 38.5 |
Medicare | 3562 | 24.3 | 3868 | 24.8 | 7430 | 24.5 |
Commercial | 1885 | 12.8 | 2392 | 15.3 | 4277 | 14.1 |
Other | 88 | 0.6 | 101 | 0.6 | 189 | 0.6 |
Federal poverty level | ||||||
< 100% | 5870 | 48.8 | 6282 | 53.8 | 12,152 | 51.2 |
100–150% | 2594 | 21.6 | 2529 | 21.7 | 5123 | 21.6 |
151–200% | 1258 | 10.4 | 1126 | 9.6 | 2384 | 10.0 |
200%+ | 2316 | 19.2 | 1738 | 14.9 | 4054 | 17.1 |
Flu shot in 12 months prior to index date | ||||||
No | 11,144 | 74.8 | 11,970 | 75.9 | 23,114 | 75.4 |
Yes | 3760 | 25.2 | 3793 | 24.1 | 7553 | 24.6 |
Mammogram in 2 years prior to index date (women, n = 16,986) | ||||||
No | 5765 | 68.8 | 5976 | 69.4 | 11,741 | 69.1 |
Yes | 2616 | 31.2 | 2629 | 30.6 | 5245 | 30.9 |
Pap in 3 years prior to index date (women under age 65, n = 13,634) | ||||||
No | 4085 | 60.3 | 4268 | 62.3 | 8353 | 61.3 |
Yes | 2694 | 39.7 | 2587 | 37.7 | 5281 | 38.7 |
Tobacco use | ||||||
Current | 3892 | 30.0 | 4237 | 30.4 | 8129 | 30.2 |
Former | 3335 | 25.7 | 3690 | 26.5 | 7025 | 26.1 |
Never | 5768 | 44.4 | 6018 | 43.2 | 11,786 | 43.8 |
BMI | ||||||
< 18.5 (underweight) | 190 | 1.4 | 203 | 1.4 | 393 | 1.4 |
18.5–25 (normal weight) | 3232 | 23.0 | 3541 | 24.5 | 6773 | 23.8 |
25–30 (overweight) | 4456 | 31.7 | 4431 | 30.7 | 8887 | 31.2 |
≥ 30 (obese) | 6164 | 43.9 | 6265 | 43.4 | 12,429 | 43.6 |
Charlson score, based on past 12 months | ||||||
0 | 7968 | 53.5 | 8648 | 54.9 | 16,616 | 54.2 |
1 | 4095 | 27.5 | 4208 | 26.7 | 8303 | 27.1 |
2 | 1633 | 11.0 | 1637 | 10.4 | 3270 | 10.7 |
3+ | 1208 | 8.1 | 1270 | 8.1 | 2478 | 8.1 |
Visit for chronic pulmonary condition, past 12 months | ||||||
No | 11,972 | 80.3 | 12,716 | 80.7 | 24,688 | 80.5 |
Yes | 2932 | 19.7 | 3047 | 19.3 | 5979 | 19.5 |
Visit for diabetes, past 12 months | ||||||
No | 11,590 | 77.8 | 12,430 | 78.9 | 24,020 | 78.3 |
Yes | 3314 | 22.2 | 3333 | 21.1 | 6647 | 21.7 |
Visit for depression, past 12 months | ||||||
No | 11,080 | 74.7 | 12,083 | 77.0 | 23,163 | 75.9 |
Yes | 3749 | 25.3 | 3606 | 23.0 | 7355 | 24.1 |
Neighborhood ED visits per 1000 Medicaid/Medicare population | ||||||
> 419 visits | 13,088 | 88.4 | 15,167 | 96.9 | 28,255 | 92.8 |
≤ 419 visits | 1722 | 11.6 | 485 | 3.1 | 2207 | 7.2 |
Neighborhood Gini inequality score | ||||||
> 0.4106 | 8197 | 56.9 | 9206 | 60.0 | 17,403 | 58.5 |
≤ 0.4106 | 6216 | 43.1 | 6146 | 40.0 | 12,362 | 41.5 |
Neighborhood median household income | ||||||
≤ $68,426 | 13,114 | 91.0 | 14,654 | 95.4 | 27,768 | 93.3 |
> $68,426 | 1299 | 9.0 | 698 | 4.6 | 1997 | 6.7 |
Neighborhood percentage college graduates | ||||||
≤ 41% | 11,537 | 80.0 | 12,854 | 83.7 | 24,391 | 81.9 |
> 41% | 2876 | 20.0 | 2499 | 16.3 | 5375 | 18.1 |
Neighborhood population density per square mile | ||||||
≤ 1000 (rural) | 4423 | 30.7 | 5907 | 38.5 | 10,330 | 34.7 |
> 1000 (non-rural) | 9991 | 69.3 | 9446 | 61.5 | 19,437 | 65.3 |
Neighborhood poverty (percentage below 100% FPL) | ||||||
> 17.6% | 7384 | 51.2 | 8281 | 53.9 | 15,665 | 52.6 |
≤ 17.6% | 7029 | 48.8 | 7071 | 46.1 | 14,100 | 47.4 |
Neighborhood unemployment rate | ||||||
> 6.6% | 12,691 | 88.0 | 13,978 | 91.0 | 26,669 | 89.6 |
≤ 6.6% | 1722 | 12.0 | 1375 | 9.0 | 3097 | 10.4 |