Construct | Specific measure | # Items | Reliability and validity | Timing |
---|---|---|---|---|
Screening | ||||
Mini-Mental State Examination | Good [50] | b | ||
Primary outcomes: pain intensity, pain interference, physical function | ||||
minimal data set | 4 | Good [22] | a, b | |
Secondary outcomes | ||||
Analgesic use | Quantification Score Version III | Objective [51] | a, b | |
HRQoL | Health-related quality of life | 36 | High [52] | b |
Satisfaction | Treatment satisfaction | 12 | 4 weeks only | |
Psychological | ||||
Anxiety, depression | Minimal data set | 8 | Good [22] | b |
Fear/avoidance | Fear Avoidance Beliefs | 16 | Good [53] | b |
Catastrophizing | Pain Catastrophizing Scale | 13 | Good [54] | b |
Behavioral | ||||
Sleep | Minimal data set | Good [22] | ||
Relaxation | Relaxation response | 1 | Pilot study | b |
Moderating variables: comorbidity, demographics | ||||
minimal data set | Good [22] | Baseline | ||
Nonspecific psychological placebo effects | ||||
Expectations, beliefs | Treatment expectation | 2 | Baseline | |
Relationship | Patient-provider relationship | 7 | Good [55] | b |