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Table 1 Patient demographics

From: Using an incentive spirometer reduces pulmonary complications in patients with traumatic rib fractures: a randomized controlled trial

 

Whole cohort

n = 50 (%)

Control group

n = 26 (%)

Study group

n = 24 (%)

p value

Age (years)

55.2 ± 14.5

54.5 ± 15.2

56.0 ± 13.9

0.904

Sex (male, %)

34 (68%)

17 (65.4%)

17 (70.8%)

0.680

Height (cm)

164.0 ± 7.9

163.0 ± 7.4

165.0 ± 8.5

0.216

Weight (kg)

69.0 ± 12.0

70.9 ± 10.9

66.8 ± 12.9

0.281

BMI (kg/m2)

25.6 ± 4.2

26.7 ± 4.7

24.4 ± 3.2

0.493

ISS

8.2 ± 3.8

8.2 ± 3.8

8.1 ± 3.8

0.894

Initial blood laboratory data

 White blood cell (103/uL)

 

15.3 ± 5.4

12.3 ± 5.0

0.466

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

 

12.6 ± 2.9

13.7 ± 1.7

0.500

 Hematocrit (%)

 

37.1 ± 7.5

39.9 ± 4.3

0.466

 Platelet count (103/uL)

 

225.4 ± 63.6

209.7 ± 44.2

0.518

 Prothrombin time/INR

 

0.99 ± 0.04

1.00 ± 0.04

0.593

 APTT ratio

 

0.95 ± 0.07

0.92 ± 0.07

0.549

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

 

19.2 ± 7.7

9.0 ± 4.2

0.473

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

 

0.89 ± 0.16

0.97 ± 0.31

0.343

 AST (U/L)

 

34.0 ± 9.5

27.3 ± 11.4

0.306

 Sodium (mmol/L)

 

137.2 ± 3.5

138.9 ± 2.3

0.463

 Potassium (mmol/L)

 

3.9 ± 0.9

3.8 ± 0. 5

0.406

Smoking status

   

0.247

 Non-smoker

31 (62%)

14 (53.8%)

17 (70.8%)

 

 History of smoking

3 (6%)

1 (3.8%)

2 (8.3%)

 

 Current smoker

16 (32%)

11 (42.3%)

5 (20.8%)

 

Injury site

   

0.425

 Left

25 (50%)

11 (42.3%)

14 (58.3%)

 

 Right

21 (42%)

12 (46.2%)

9 (37.5%)

 

 Bilateral

4 (8%)

3 (11.5%)

1 (4.2%)

 

Number of ribs fractured

3.94 ± 2.05

4.08 ± 1.94

3.79 ± 2.21

0.341

 < 3

11 (22%)

5 (19.2%)

6 (25%)

0.623

 ≥ 3

39 (78%)

21 (80.8%)

18 (75%)

0.623

Trauma mechanism

   

0.243

 Car accident

6 (12%)

4 (15.4%)

2 (8.3%)

 

 Motorcycle accident

25 (50%)

10 (38.5%)

15 (62.5%)

 

 Pedestrian

2 (4%)

0

2 (8.3%)

 

 Fall < 3 m

12 (24%)

8 (30.8%)

4 (16.7%)

 

 Fall > 3 m

2 (4%)

2 (7.7%)

0

 

 Work accident

2 (4%)

1 (3.8%)

1 (4.2%)

 

 Fighting

1 (2%)

1 (3.8%)

0

 

Associated injuries

 Fracture of extremity

4 (8%)

2 (7.7%)

2 (8.3%)

0.933

 Head

1 (2%)

1 (3.8%)

0

0.332

 Liver laceration

1 (2%)

1 (3.8%)

0

0.332

 Scapular fracture

5 (10%)

2 (7.7%)

3 (12.5%)

0.571

 Clavicle fracture

8 (16%)

2 (7.7%)

6 (25%)

0.095

Diabetes mellitus

12 (24%)

5 (19.2%)

7 (29.2%)

0.411

Hypertension

17 (34%)

7 (26.9%)

10 (41.7%)

0.272

Heart disease

5 (10%)

2 (7.7%)

3 (12.5%)

0.571

Kidney disease

3 (6%)

2 (7.7%)

1 (4.2%)

0.600

Anti-platelet/coagulant use before trauma

5 (10%)

2 (7.7%)

3 (12.5%)

0.571

  1. APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, INR international normalized ratio, ISS Injury Severity Score
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