Table 1 Clavien-Dindo classification

Minor complications

I

Any complication without need for pharmacologic treatment or other intervention

II

Any complication that requires pharmacologic treatment or minor intervention only

Major complications

III

Any complication that requires surgical, radiologic, endoscopic intervention, or multitherapy

IIIa

Intervention does not require general anesthesia

IIIb

Intervention requires general anesthesia

IV

Any complication requiring intensive care unit management and life support

IVa

Single organ dysfunction

IVb

Multiorgan dysfunction

V

Any complication leading to the death of the patient