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How faithfully are MB and ETPB implemented?
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How well do facilitators feel they understand programme content and theory?
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Observation of facilitator training and implementation, facilitator interviews, and facilitator self-reports on fidelity
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How consistent are programme materials/protocols in directing facilitators what to deliver?
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Observation of training and review of materials
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What directions are facilitators given about adhering/adapting/personalizing the programme?
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Observation of training and review of materials
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How confident are facilitators about delivering ETPB or MB?
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Observation of facilitator training and implementation, facilitator interviews, and facilitator self-reports on fidelity
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What programme content is consistently covered? What content, if any, is missed out and why?
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Facilitator self-reports on fidelity, supervisor interviews, and observation of selected groups during implementation
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What work do facilitators have to undertake in order to deliver the intervention?
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Interview at Time 2 (after facilitators gain experience of delivering groups)
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How consistent are facilitators at delivering groups to completion?
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Facilitator self-reports on fidelity, supervisor interviews, and observation of selected groups during implementation
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What role does peer-assisted support (ETPB) and supervision (MB) have in fidelity?
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Facilitator and supervisor interviews
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To what extent do facilitator pairings (two deliver each group) affect delivery?
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Facilitator self-reports on fidelity, supervisor interviews, and observation of selected groups during implementation
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What are the mechanisms by which MB and ETPB work, if they do, and who do they work for and how?
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How does the programme’s theory of change explain the functioning of MB/ETPB?
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Meetings with intervention developers and the research team to agree theory of change models
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What information are facilitators given about programme theory and key mechanisms during training?
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Observation of training, review of materials, facilitator interviews, and facilitator questionnaires
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How do the programme materials/protocols explain programme theory and mechanisms?
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Review of materials and observation of training
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How well are key mechanisms understood by facilitators (at the point of training and later during implementation)?
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Observation of facilitator training and selected groups during implementation, facilitator interviews, and facilitator self-reports on fidelity
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What do facilitators think of the intervention and its key mechanisms?
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Facilitator interviews, questionnaires, and facilitator post-session evaluation
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How well do participants like the interventions?
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Observation of selected groups, participant interviews, and questionnaires (facilitator’s perspectives will also be considered)
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How do participants respond to knowledge on infant and child development in ETPB and MB?
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Participant interviews and questionnaires, and observation of selected groups (facilitator’s perspectives will also be considered)
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How do participants respond to parenting skills, partner skills content, and home-based practice in ETPB?
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Participant interviews and questionnaires, and observation of selected groups (facilitator’s perspectives will also be considered)
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How do participants respond to the nurturing aspects of MB, along with self-care, relaxation, and planned social activities in MB?
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Participant interviews and questionnaires, and observation of selected groups (facilitator’s perspectives will also be considered)
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How do participants respond to exploration of their past and present difficulties in MB?
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Participant interviews and questionnaires, and observation of selected groups (facilitator’s perspectives will also be considered)
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How does the experience of group sessions contribute to, or inhibit, the change mechanisms?
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Participant interviews at Time 2 (3–12 months following birth)
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What contextual factors are necessary for the programmes to function, or might prevent them functioning?
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What factors affect identification of suitable mothers-to-be and the referral process?
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Interviews with referring practitioners, fieldworker observations, and interviews with managers
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What are facilitator’s professional backgrounds?
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Questionnaire and interviews with facilitators
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What is the facilitators’ knowledge of, views on, and interest in MB/ETPB? Any experience of delivering parenting interventions?
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Questionnaire and interviews with facilitators
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What is the facilitators’ interest in, empathy and respect for, individual biographies and circumstances of mothers?
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Interviews with facilitators and observation of training and selected groups during implementation
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What are facilitators’ views on parenting interventions and what are their own experiences of parenting and of being parented?
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Questionnaire and interviews with facilitators
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How do facilitators manage MB/ETPB with other commitments?
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Interviews with facilitators
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How do facilitator managers view involvement with THRIVE?
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Interviews with managers and facilitators
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To what extent do facilitator pairings affect facilitators’ experiences of delivering ETPB and MB?
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Interviews with facilitators and intervention developers/supervisors, post-session evaluation reports
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How do facilitators feel about their engagement with, and response from, participants?
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Interviews with facilitators and observation of selected groups during implementation
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What is the suitability of venues for programme?
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Observation of selected groups during implementation and post-session evaluation (facilitator and participant); interviews with participants and facilitators
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What are mothers’ backgrounds (key relationships; social context; nature of social and health care needs)?
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Mother-to-be questionnaires and interviews; observation of selected groups during implementation
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How does mother engage with group?
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Observation of selected groups during implementation and post-session evaluation (facilitator and participant); interviews with participants
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What benefits does social interaction within the group offer participants? Are there any unintended consequences?
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Observation of selected groups during implementation and post-session evaluation (facilitator and participant); interviews with participants
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How do intervention group dynamics affect the experience of participation/retention?
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Observation of selected groups during implementation and post-session evaluation (facilitator and participant); interviews with participants; interviews with non-attenders to explore reasons
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How do vulnerabilities (e.g. mental health, drug use or stress) affect engagement?
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Interviews with mothers-to-be and observation of groups; participant and facilitator post-session evaluation
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How do material circumstances affect retention/adherence, e.g. poverty?
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Interviews with mothers-to-be (attenders and non-attenders) and facilitator interviews Time 2
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How do families affect adherence?
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Interviews with mothers-to-be and observation of selected groups during implementation
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