Fig. 2From: Hybrid thoracoscopic surgical and transvenous catheter ablation versus transvenous catheter ablation in persistent and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (HARTCAP-AF): study protocol for a randomized trialIntraoperative images of hybrid ablation. Left panel: left-sided thoracoscopic view of ablation of the left pulmonary veins using a bipolar clamp. Right panel: voltage map (Carto) after completion of the epicardial box lesion showing an isolated posterior left atrial wall. LAAÂ left atrial appendix, PVÂ pulmonary veinBack to article page