From: Effectiveness and pulmonary complications of perioperative laryngeal mask airway used in elderly patients (POLMA-EP trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Independent risk factors
Risk score
Age > 70 years
1
Cough and sputum production
Diabetes
Smoker (or patient quit within the past 6 months)
COPD
BMI > 27 kg/m2
FEV1 < 80% and FEV1/FVC < 70%
2