Fig. 1

Schedule of enrollment, intervention, and assessment according to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Statement. ACP selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, MHCA moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest, RIVP retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion, POD postoperative day, EUROSCOREII European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, ICU intensive care unit