Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
• Male and female • 50–65 years • No history of respiratory disease • Currently non-smoking (> 6 months) • Willingness to provide written consent • Willingness to participate in and comply with study requirements | • Inability to walk unaided and unassisted • Existing diagnosis of osteoporosis or thoracic joint instability • Present with: o Acute pain on thoracic joint range of motion testing o Below normal chest wall musculature o High level of anxiety related to receiving thoracic manual therapy o Contra-indicated for thoracic mobilisation and/or manipulation (physical screening examination) • Inability to understand English • Inability to provide informed consent, e.g. people with a cognitive impairment, intellectual disability or mental illness |