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Table 2 Clinical parameters and social cognitive factors between two groups of a rural population with prediabetes

From: Social cognitive theory-based intervention to promote physical activity among prediabetic rural people: a cluster randomized controlled trial

Parameters

Intervention M (SD)

Control M (SD)

p value*

Cohen’s d [95% CI]

 

Baseline (n = 136)

After (n = 129)

Baseline (n = 136)

After (n = 116)

Clinical factors

      

 BMI, kg/m2

27.1 (4.8)

26.3 (4.7)

27.8 (4.3)

27.8 (4.0)

0.027

−0.33 [− 0.58 to − 0.081]

 FBS, mg/dl

108.4 (6.1)

99.4 (8.1)

108 (4.8)

105.8 (8.3)

0.002

−0.63 [− 0.89 to − 0.37]

 Weight, kg

68.7 (13.5)

66.9 (13.1)

71.7 (12.2)

71.2 (10.6)

0.001

−0.35 [− 0.60 to − 0.10]

 Systolic BP, mmHg

129.8 (15.1)

116.5 (14.2)

132.9 (16.2)

125.2 (16.2)

0.308

−0.57 [− 0.83 to − 0.32]

 Diastolic BP, mmHg

81.5 (9.4)

75.9 (8.2)

84.2 (7.2)

83.3 (6.0)

< 0.001

−1.01 [−1.28 to − 0.74]

Social cognitive factors

 Task self-efficacy

4.1 (1.68)

5.7 (0.4)

4.0 (1.2)

4.1 (1.2)

< 0.001

1.79 [1.5–2.08]

 Planning self-efficacy

5.0 (1.66)

5.9 (0.9)

4.3 (1.3)

4.4 (1.3)

< 0.001

1.44 [1.16–1.72]

 Coping self-efficacy

5.0 (1.5)

5.00 (1.6)

4.5 (1.3)

4.2 (1.3)

< 0.001

0.44 [0.19–0.68]

 Outcome expectancy

2.1 (0.9)

3.0 (0.6)

1.9 (0.6)

2.0 (0.6)

< 0.001

1.60 [1.31–1.89]

 Goal setting

2.1 (0.9)

3 (0.6)

1.9 (0.6)

1.9 (0.6)

< 0.001

1.71 [1.42–2.00]

  1. *p value for group comparison derived from GLMM allowing for clustering design and adjusted for age, gender, literacy, and family history of type II diabetes, and baseline measurements using ITT analysis based on MI
  2. BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CI confidence interval, FBS fasting blood sugar, GLMM generalized linear mixed model, ITT intention-to-treat, M mean, MI multiple imputation, SD standard deviation