Table 5 Patient and public involvement (PPI) in stages of the research process (n = 71)

Research design

 • Research topic or question

 • Funding application

 • Intervention design

 • Participant information materials (e.g. information sheets, consent forms, recruitment adverts)

 • Data collection tools (e.g. questionnaires, interview schedules)

 • Recruitment methods

 • Retention methods

 • Do not know

 • Other^a

Undertaking the research

 • Promoting the trial to encourage recruitment

 • Identifying or screening potential participants

 • Taking consent from participants

 • Collecting research data

 • Do not know

 • Other^b

Analysis and/or interpretation of results

 • Analysing research data

 • Interpreting data or results

 • Do not know

 • Other^c

Dissemination of findings

 • Writing or reviewing research reports

 • Writing or reviewing lay summaries

 • Presenting the findings at a research conference

 • Presenting the findings to a lay audience

 • Suggesting routes/platforms for dissemination

 • Do not know

 • Other

None of the above

Other^d