Table 1 Examples of M4bH intervention messages and supporting ayahs
Ayah | Constructs | Message | Behaviour-change techniques [43] |
|---|---|---|---|
Surah An-Nisa – 59 (4:59) O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you | Attitude | Wise people like Alims all agree that smoking and indirect smoking are harmful for all. Scientists have also found that there are about 70 types of chemicals in the smoke from second-hand smoking that can cause cancer. Second-hand smoking can also lead to many health problems in newborns and children. Therefore, we have to follow the Prophet’s way to warn ourselves and to warn others, and also listen to wise people | 9.1. Credible source 5.1. Information about health consequences 5.2. Salience of consequences 5.6. Information about emotional consequences or 5.3. Information about social and environmental consequences |
Surah At-Baqara – 195 (2:195) And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good | Social norms | Those who smoke around us unintentionally harm others directly. Thus, every year 600,000 people die due to exposure to passive smoking worldwide. So, we have to be aware of passive smoking and be careful about smoking inside home and in front of others. We also need to share these messages with others. We must keep ourselves and our families safe from the harm of passive smoking. Allah also loves those who do good things | 6.1. Information about others’ approval 5.1. Information about health consequences 5.2. Salience of consequences 5.6. Information about emotional consequences or 5.3. Information about social and environmental consequences |
Surah Ar-Ra’d – 11 (13:11) Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves | Self-efficacy (prompt action planning) | You can ask Allah for help to change your situation. But before getting help from Him, we need to take action first. Then, believe that Allah will give you the desired results. It might be difficult for you to stop smoking at home. But will you not do this little thing for the welfare of your family members? How can you then ask God for helping you and your family? So, you just have to take a small step. That is, if you feel the need to smoke whilst at home, go outside the home to smoke | 3.1. Social support (unspecified) 1.4. Action planning 1.9. Commitment |