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Table 1 Primary, secondary, and explorative objectives and related endpoints and assessments

From: Zopiclone versus placebo for short-term treatment of insomnia in patients with advanced cancer: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical multicenter trial

 

Objective

Endpoint

Assessment method

Primary

To study the short-time effectiveness of zopiclone on patient-reported subjective sleep quality

Patient-reported sleep quality the last study night (night 6)

Numerical rating scale 0–10, 0 = Best sleep, 10 = Worst possible sleep

Secondary

To study the short-time effectiveness of zopiclone on patient-reported TST

Patient-reported TST (minutes) the last study night (night 6)

Sleep diary

To study the short-time effectiveness of zopiclone on patient-reported SOL

Patient-reported SOL (minutes) the last study night (night 6)

Sleep diary

Explorative

To study the short-time effectiveness of zopiclone on overall patient-reported sleep quality

Patient-reported overall sleep quality over a week time interval

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

To study the short-time effectiveness of zopiclone on objectively measured TST, SOL, SE, WASO, and NWAK

TST (minutes), SOL (minutes), SE (percent), WASO and NWAK during the last study night (night 6)

Actigraphy

To study the short-time effectiveness of zopiclone on patient-reported TST, SOL, SE, WASO, and NWAK

TST (minutes), SOL (minutes), SE (percent), WASO, and NWAK during the last study night (night 6)

Sleep diary

To study the short-time effectiveness of zopiclone on self-reported daytime sleepiness

Daytime sleepiness in the morning after night 6

Karolinska Sleepiness Scale

  1. TST total sleep time, SOL sleep onset latency, SE sleep efficiency, WASO wake after sleep onset, NWAK number of awakenings