Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
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a) A clinical, consensus diagnosis of aMCI (mono-domain or multi-domain):  ◦ 18 ≤ Montreal Cognitive Assessment score ≤ 26 (education-corrected)  ◦ Memory deficits: at least 1 standard deviation below age- and/or education-corrected population norms on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test  ◦ Preserved activity of daily living: Activities of Daily Living-Prevention Instrument score < 30  ◦ Absence of dementia  ◦ A consensus clinical diagnosis of MCI (using 2011 Alzheimer’s association-NIA criteria) by the investigators b) Community-dwelling, e.g., homes and assisted living c) Age 65 years and older d) English-speaking e) Adequate visual acuity for testing f) Verified exercise safety g) Stable on drugs affecting cognition > 3 months, if on these drugs h) Verfied MRI scan safety i) Capacity to consent | a) Geriatric Depression Scale score > 5, with contextual evidence suggesting unstable major depression or psychiatric disorders such as taking antidepressant less than 3 months b) Resting HR ≤ 50 due to arrhythmia or ≥ 100 beats/min c) Neurologic, psychiatric, or substance abuse disorders in past 5 years that are the main contributor to MCI d) ACSM contraindications to exercise e) New, unevaluated symptoms or diseases f) Current enrollment in another intervention study g) Abnormal MRI findings |