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Table 2 Adverse event (AE; %) within placebo groups, by type of AE (where at least three reviews reported the same AE)

From: Rapid overview of systematic reviews of nocebo effects reported by patients taking placebos in clinical trials

 

Amanzio, 2009

Mahr, 2017a

Mahr, 2017b

Rief, 2006

Rief, 2009

Rojas-Mirquez, 2014

Median (IQR)

Aa

Bb

Cc

   

TCA

SSRI

  

Abdominal pain

2.97

1.04

1.04

6.8

3.3

 

8.4

9

5.68

4.5 (2.5–7.2)

Burning

5.88

1.83

8.7

      

5.9 (3.9–7.3)

Chest discomfort/pain

0

0.8

 

4.2

 

0.82

   

0.8 (0.6–1.7)

Chills

1.4

0.47

3.7

      

1.4 (0.9–2.6)

Diarrhea

 

1.25

3.51

7.7

 

3.53

   

3.5 (2.9–4.6)

Dry mouth

4.26

1.75

3.11

5.1

  

19.2

6.4

 

4.7 (3.4–6.1)

Dyspepsia

1.13

1.46

3.21

3.9

 

2.03

   

2.0 (1.5–3.2)

Fatigue

2.85

1.47

8.72

9.3

  

17.3

5.5

 

7.1 (3.5–9.2)

Insomnia

  

0

5.7

  

13.3

11.1

4.73

5.7 (4.7–11.1)

Paresthesia

1.1

0.88

6.58

3.6

     

2.4 (1.0–4.3)

Somnolence

1.05

2.76

5.67

   

16.8

6.8

5.44

5.6 (3.4–6.5)

Taste disturbance

1.06

1.34

4.1

     

1.3 (1.2–2.7)

Vomiting/nausea

8.9

4.38

2.11

7.7

4.9

2.55

12

10.5

8.18

7.7 (4.4–8.9)

Headache

   

9.9

 

10.59

27.4

19.9

18.01

18.0 (10.6–19.9)

Dizziness

   

5.1

 

1.81

  

5.5

5.1 (3.5–5.3)

Eye disorders

   

1.4

  

6.9

1.2

 

1.4 (1.3–4.2)

Constipation

   

6

 

6.85

10.7

4.2

 

6.4 (5.6–7.8)

  1. aNSAID
  2. bTriptans
  3. cAnti-convulsant