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Table 3 Estimated mean change in anxiety, depression, and sleep quality outcomes at 3-months and 9-months

From: Art therapy is associated with sustained improvement in cognitive function in the elderly with mild neurocognitive disorder: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial for art therapy and music reminiscence activity versus usual care

 

Art therapy

(n = 22)

Music reminiscence activities

(n = 24)

Control

(n = 22)

Number of participants assessed at 3 months

19

23

18

Number of participants assessed at 9 months

18

22

18

Geriatric Anxiety Inventory total score

 Mean change at 3 months from baseline (SE)

− 0.45 (0.72)

−0.98 (0.66)

−1.25 (0.75)

  Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p]

0.80 (−0.92, 2.52) [0.444]

0.27 (− 1.39, 1.92) [0.791]

 

 Mean change at 9 months from baseline (SE)

−0.17 (0.71)

− 0.75 (0.65)

−0.05 (0.72)

  Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p]

−0.12 (− 1.79, 1.56) [0.909]

−0.70 (− 2.30, 0.91) [0.474]

 

Geriatric depression scale total score

 Mean change at 3 months from baseline (SE)

− 0.76 (0.62)

−0.75 (0.57)

−1.22 (0.64)

  Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p]

0.46 (−1.02, 1.93) [0.610]

0.46 (− 0.96, 1.89) [0.590]

 

 Mean change at 9 months from baseline (SE)

−1.06 (0.62)

− 1.15 (0.57)

−0.47 (0.63)

  Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p]

−0.59 (− 2.05, 0.88) [0.509]

−0.67 (− 2.08, 0.74) [0.431]

 

Sleep quality visual analog scale

 Mean change at 3 months from baseline (SE)

6.94 (4.39)

−2.09 (4.09)

3.56 (4.62)

  Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p]

3.39 (− 7.15, 13.92) [0.595]

−5.65 (− 15.85, 4.55) [0.361]

 

 Mean change at 9 months from baseline (SE)

3.44 (4.17)

4.51 (3.82)

2.06 (4.29)

  Difference (intervention – control) (90% CI) [p]

1.39 (− 8.54, 11.32) [0.817]

2.46 (− 7.08, 11.99) [0.670]

 
  1. Mean values were estimated using a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for baseline values and gender. See “Methods” section for outcome definitions
  2. SE standard error, CI confidence intervals