Table 1 Patient, insertion and device characteristics
| Â | Control | Intervention | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
Group size | 150 | 150 | 300 |
Age (years)a | 60.4 (17.1) | 62.3 (18.6) | 61.4 (17.9) |
Males | 88 (59%) | 98 (65%) | 186 (62%) |
Weight appearance: | |||
Underweight | 17 (11%) | 19 (13%) | 36 (12%) |
Healthy weight | 64 (43%) | 60 (40%) | 124 (41%) |
Overweight | 45 (30%) | 52 (35%) | 97 (32%) |
Obese | 24 (16%) | 19 (13%) | 43 (14%) |
Inserted on dominant side | 76 (51%) | 72 (50%) | 148 (51%) |
Skin type (Fitzpatrick scale): | |||
Pale white | 17 (11%) | 20 (13%) | 37 (12%) |
White | 116 (77%) | 119 (79%) | 235 (78%) |
Light brown | 15 (10%) | 10 (7%) | 25 (8%) |
Moderate brown | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
Deeply pigmented dark brown | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) |
Skin integrity: | |||
Good | 70 (47%) | 58 (39%) | 128 (43%) |
Fair | 66 (44%) | 79 (53%) | 145 (48%) |
Poor | 14 (9%) | 13 (9%) | 27 (9%) |
Reason for admission: | Â | Â | Â |
Medical | 43 (29%) | 43 (29%) | 86 (29%) |
Surgical emergent | 27 (18%) | 37 (25%) | 64 (21%) |
Surgical elective | 81 (54%) | 70 (47%) | 151 (50%) |
Infection at baseline | 37 (25%) | 43 (29%) | 80 (27%) |
Number of comorbidities: | |||
Zero | 27 (18%) | 15 (10%) | 42 (14%) |
One | 17 (11%) | 11 (7%) | 28 (9%) |
Two | 10 (7%) | 20 (13%) | 30 (10%) |
Three | 16 (11%) | 18 (12%) | 34 (11%) |
Four or more | 80 (53%) | 86 (57%) | 166 (55%) |
Wound at baseline | 72 (48%) | 80 (53%) | 152 (51%) |
Subsequent device per patient | 142 (95%) | 145 (97%) | 287 (96%) |
Device size: | |||
18Â gauge | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
20Â gauge | 86 (57%) | 80 (53%) | 166 (55%) |
22Â gauge | 60 (40%) | 64 (43%) | 124 (41%) |
24Â gauge | 3 (2%) | 5 (3%) | 8 (3%) |
Placement: | Â | Â | Â |
Cephalic vein | 180 (60%) | 85 (57%) | 95 (63%) |
Accessory cephalic vein | 46 (15%) | 25 (17%) | 21 (14%) |
Medial antebrachial vein | 26 (9%) | 16 (11%) | 10 (7%) |
Other vein | 48 (16%) | 24 (16%) | 24 (16%) |
Location: | |||
Posterior forearm | 88 (59%) | 87 (58%) | 175 (58%) |
Anterior forearm | 25 (17%) | 19 (13%) | 44 (15%) |
Wrist | 28 (19%) | 27 (18%) | 55 (18%) |
Hand | 7 (5%) | 13 (9%) | 20 (7%) |
Other | 2 (1%) | 4 (3%) | 6 (2%) |
Difficult insertion | 56 (37%) | 56 (37%) | 112 (37%) |
Multiple attempts at insertion | 19 (13%) | 25 (17%) | 44 (15%) |
Hairy skin: | |||
Yes, clipped | 82 (55%) | 79 (53%) | 161 (54%) |
Yes, unclipped | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) |
No, unclipped | 68 (45%) | 69 (46%) | 137 (46%) |