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Table 1 Included studies from literature review of methodological development in methods for specifying a target difference

From: Choosing the target difference and undertaking and reporting the sample size calculation for a randomised controlled trial – the development of the DELTA2 guidance

Study

 

Journal

Method

Methodological development

Hedayat

2015

Biometrics

Anchor

Variation in threshold-based approach to estimating the MID

Rouquette

2014

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Anchor

Use of item response model approach to calculate M(C)ID estimate from anchor assessment

Zhang

2015

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Anchor

Assessment of expressing MID as absolute and relative difference

Hollingworth

2013

Clinical Trials

HE (cost utility)

Assessment of cost-utility-based sample size approaches

Chen MH

2013

Clinical Trials

HE (VOI)

VOI for multistage adaptive trials from industry perspective

Andronis

2016

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Expected value of sample information variant estimator

Breeze

2015

Health economics

HE (VOI)

ENBS from pharmaceutical perspective using value-based pricing

Hall

2012

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Expected net present value of sample information approach

Jalal

2015

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Meta modelling approach to calculating the expected value of sample information

Madan

2014

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Efficient approach to calculating the expected value of partial perfect information (applicable to calculating the expected value of sample information)

Maroufy

2014

Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics

HE (VOI)

Method for calculating expected net gain of sampling

Mckenna

2011

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Exploration of the role of value of sample information analysis

Menzies

2016

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Expected value of sampling information estimator

Sadatsafavi

2013

Health economics

HE (VOI)

Expected value of sample information variant estimator

Streuten*

2013

Pharmacoeconomics

HE (VOI)

Comprehensive review of VOI methodological developments

Strong

2014

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Meta modelling approach to calculating the expected value of sample information

Welton

2014

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

Application of expected value of sampling information to a cluster trial

Welton

2015

Medical Decision making

HE (VOI)

ENBS accounting for heterogeneity in treatment effects

Willan

2011

Pharmacoeconomics

HE (VOI)

Framework for exploring the perspective of societal decision-maker and industry

Willan

2012

Health economics

HE (VOI)

Accounting for between-study variation in value of information approach

Kirkby

2011

BMC Medical Research Methodology

Opinion seeking

Survey approach to estimate MCID in trial setting

Ross

2012

BMC Medical Research Methodology

Opinion seeking

Survey approach to estimate MCID with three treatment options

Chen H

2013

Clinical Trials

Pilot/Preliminary study

Comparison of approaches to using SD from preliminary study (e.g. pilot or phase 2 study)

Fay

2013

Clinical Trials

Pilot/Preliminary study

Variation in approach to using SD from preliminary study (e.g. pilot or phase 2 study)

Kirby

2015

Pharmaceutical statistics

Pilot/Preliminary study

Variation in approaches to discounting evidence from preliminary study

Sim

2012

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Pilot/Preliminary study

Inflation factor for pilot study SD estimate for use in trial sample size calculation

Whitehead

2016

Statistics Method in Medical Research

Pilot/Preliminary study

Assessment of size of pilot study needed to inform main trial

Valentine

2016

JCE

SES

Alternative effect size metric proposed

  1. *This review summarised a substantial number of variants/generalisations in the VOI methods applicable to the sample size calculation of a RCT
  2. ENBS expected value of net benefit sampling, HE health economics, MID minimally important difference MCID minimal clinically important difference, SD standard deviation, SES standardised effect size, VOI value of information