TY - JOUR AU - Straus, M. A. AU - Hamby, S. L. AU - Finkelhor, D. AU - Moore, D. W. AU - Runyan, D. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Identification of child maltreatment with the parent-child-conflict tactics scale: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents JO - Child Abuse Negl VL - 22 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00174-9 DO - 10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00174-9 ID - Straus1998 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Pinheiro, P. S. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - World report on violence against children PB - United Nations CY - New York ID - Pinheiro2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gershoff, E. T. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - School corporal punishment in global perspective: prevalence, outcomes, and efforts at intervention JO - Psychol Health Med VL - 22 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2016.1271955 DO - 10.1080/13548506.2016.1271955 ID - Gershoff2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Devries, K. AU - Child, J. AU - Allen, E. AU - Walakira, E. AU - Parkes, J. AU - Naker, D. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - School violence, mental health and educational performance in Ugandan primary school children: a cross-sectional survey JO - Pediatr VL - 133 UR - https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2007 DO - 10.1542/peds.2013-2007 ID - Devries2014 ER - TY - STD TI - Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children [GIEACPC]. Global progress towards prohibiting all corporal punishment. 2018. http://endcorporalpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/legality-tables/Global-progress-table-commitment.pdf. Accessed 9 Aug 2018. UR - http://endcorporalpunishment.org/wp-content/uploads/legality-tables/Global-progress-table-commitment.pdf ID - ref5 ER - TY - STD TI - Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children [GIEACPC], Save the Children Sweden. Ending legalised violence against children: global progress to December 2016. 2017. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/global-report-2016.pdf. Accessed 20 Apr 2017. UR - https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/global-report-2016.pdf ID - ref6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Straus, M. A. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Prevalence, societal causes and trends in corporal punishment by parents in world perspective JO - Law Contemp Prol VL - 31 ID - Straus2010 ER - TY - STD TI - Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children [GIEACPC], Save the Children Sweden Towards non-violent schools: Prohibiting all corporal punishment. Global report 2015. 2017. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/schools_report_2015-en_singles_0.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2017. UR - https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/schools_report_2015-en_singles_0.pdf ID - ref8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ndofirepi, A. AU - Makaye, J. AU - Ndofirepi, E. S. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - To discipline or to punish? A critical discourse on schooling in South Africa JO - Greener J Edu Res VL - 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.15580/GJER.2012.4.103112182 DO - 10.15580/GJER.2012.4.103112182 ID - Ndofirepi2012 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Parkes, J. AU - Heslop, J. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Stop violence against girls in school: a cross-country analysis of change in Ghana, Kenya and Mozambique PB - Johannesburg, South Africa CY - Action Aid International ID - Parkes2013 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Antonowicz, L. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Too often in silence: a report on school-based violence in West and Central Africa ID - Antonowicz2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rudatsikira, E. AU - Siziya, S. AU - Kazembe, L. N. AU - Muula, A. S. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Prevalence and associated factors of physical fighting among school-going adolescents in Namibia JO - Ann of Gen Psychiatry VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-6-18 DO - 10.1186/1744-859X-6-18 ID - Rudatsikira2007 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Hidden in plain sight: a statistical analysis of violence against children PB - New York CY - UNICEF, Division of Data, Research and Policy ID - ref13 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dubanoski, R. A. AU - Inaba, M. AU - Gerkewicz, K. PY - 1982 DA - 1982// TI - Corporal punishment in schools: myths, problems and alternatives JO - Child Abuse Negl VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(83)90004-2 DO - 10.1016/0145-2134(83)90004-2 ID - Dubanoski1982 ER - TY - STD TI - Uganda Government. The education service act, 2002 (Act No. 13 of 2002). The education service (Teachers’ Professional Code of Conduct). Legal Notice No. 11 of 2012. 2017. https://ulii.org/system/files/legislation/act/2002/2002/education%20service%20Act%20%202002.pdf. Accessed 17 June 2017. UR - https://ulii.org/system/files/legislation/act/2002/2002/education%20service%20Act%20%202002.pdf ID - ref15 ER - TY - STD TI - Uganda Government. Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 22 September 1995. 2017. http://www.statehouse.go.ug/sites/default/files/attachments/Constitution_1995.pdf. Accessed 17 June 2017. UR - http://www.statehouse.go.ug/sites/default/files/attachments/Constitution_1995.pdf ID - ref16 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Naker, D. AU - Sekitoleko, D. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Positive discipline: creating a good school environment without corporal punishment PB - Kampala CY - Raising Voices ID - Naker2009 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - A situation analysis of child abuse and neglect in Uganda PB - ANPPCAN CY - Kampala ID - ref18 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Naker, D. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Violence against children: the voices of Ugandan children and adults PB - Raising Voices, Save the Children Uganda CY - Kampala ID - Naker2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gwirayi, P. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Functions served by corporal punishment: adolescent perspectives JO - J Psychol Afr VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2011.10820437 DO - 10.1080/14330237.2011.10820437 ID - Gwirayi2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Devries, K. M. AU - Knight, L. AU - Child, J. C. AU - Mirembe, A. AU - Nakuti, J. AU - Jones, R. AU - Sturgess, J. AU - Allen, E. AU - Kyegombe, N. AU - Parkes, J. AU - Walakira, E. AU - Elbourne, D. AU - Watts, C. AU - Naker, D. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - The Good School Toolkit for reducing physical violence from school staff to primary school students: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Uganda JO - Lancet Glob Health VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00060-1 DO - 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00060-1 ID - Devries2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gershoff, E. T. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behavior experiences: a meta-analytic and theoretical review JO - Psychol Bull VL - 128 UR - https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539 DO - 10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539 ID - Gershoff2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hecker, T. AU - Hermenau, K. AU - Isele, D. AU - Elbert, T. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Corporal and children’s externalizing problems: a cross sectional study of Tanzanian primary school aged children JO - Child Abuse Negl VL - 38 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.11.007 DO - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.11.007 ID - Hecker2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hermenau, K. AU - Hecker, T. AU - Elbert, T. AU - Ruf-Leuschner, M. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Maltreatment and mental health in institutional care—comparing early and late institutionalized children in Tanzania JO - Inf Mental Health J VL - 35 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21440 DO - 10.1002/imhj.21440 ID - Hermenau2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hermenau, K. AU - Hecker, T. AU - Ruf, M. AU - Schauer, E. AU - Elbert, T. AU - Schauer, M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Childhood adversity, mental ill- health and aggressive behavior in an African orphanage: changes in response to trauma-focused therapy and the implementation of a new instructional system JO - Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-5-29 DO - 10.1186/1753-2000-5-29 ID - Hermenau2011 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development outcome document for the United Nations summit to adopt the post-2015 development agenda ID - ref26 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Africa’s agenda for children 2040: fostering an Africa fit for children ID - ref27 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moyo, G. AU - Khewu, N. P. D. AU - Bayaga, A. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Disciplinary practices in schools and principles of alternatives to corporal punishment strategies JO - S Afr J Educ VL - 34 UR - https://doi.org/10.15700/201412120952 DO - 10.15700/201412120952 ID - Moyo2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Devries, K. M. AU - Allen, E. AU - Child, J. C. AU - Walakira, E. AU - Elbourne, D. AU - Watts, C. AU - Naker, D. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - The Good Schools Toolkit to prevent violence against children in Ugandan primary schools: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial JO - Trials VL - 14 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-14-232 DO - 10.1186/1745-6215-14-232 ID - Devries2013 ER - TY - STD TI - Nkuba M, Hermenau K, Goessmann K, Hecker T. Reducing violence by teachers using the preventive intervention Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers (ICC-T): a cluster randomized controlled trial at secondary schools in Tanzania. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201362. ID - ref30 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaltenbach, E. AU - Hermenau, K. AU - Nkuba, M. AU - Goessmann, K. AU - Hecker, T. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Improving interaction competencies with children — a pilot feasibility study to reduce school corporal punishment JO - J Aggress Maltreat Trauma VL - 27 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1357060 DO - 10.1080/10926771.2017.1357060 ID - Kaltenbach2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hermenau, K. AU - Kaltenbach, E. AU - Mkinga, G. AU - Hecker, T. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Improving care quality and preventing maltreatment in institutional care: a feasibility study with caregivers JO - Frontiers in Psychol VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00937 DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00937 ID - Hermenau2015 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hecker, T. AU - Mkinga, G. AU - Ssenyonga, J. AU - Hermenau, K. ED - Rus, A. ED - Parris, S. ED - Stativa, E. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Interaction Competencies with Children (ICC): an approach for preventing violence, abuse, and neglect in institutional care in sub-Saharan Africa BT - Child maltreatment in residential care PB - Springer CY - Cham UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57990-0_17 DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-57990-0_17 ID - Hecker2017 ER - TY - STD TI - African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. African charter on the rights and welfare of the child, July 1990. p. 2017. http://www.acerwc.org/download/the-charter-english/?wpdmdl=8410. Accessed 16 Jun 2017 UR - http://www.acerwc.org/download/the-charter-english/?wpdmdl=8410 ID - ref34 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - A comprehensive report on the Universal Post Primary Education and Training (UPPET /USE), and Universal Post O’ Level Education and Training (UPOLET) national headcount exercise 2014 PB - The Statistics section, Education Planning and policy department, Ministry of Education and Sports CY - Kampala ID - ref35 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Statistical abstract 2014: findings from the annual school census 2014 PB - Education Planning and Policy Analysis Department, Ministry of Education, Science, Technology and Sports CY - Kampala ID - ref36 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nkuba, M. AU - Hermenau, K. AU - Hecker, T. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Violence and maltreatment in Tanzanian families — findings from a nationally representative sample of secondary school students and their parents JO - Child Abuse Negl VL - 77 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.002 DO - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.002 ID - Nkuba2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hecker, T. AU - Goessmann, K. AU - Nkuba, M. AU - Hermenau, K. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Teachers’ stress intensifies violent disciplining in Tanzanian secondary schools JO - Child Abuse Negl VL - 76 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.019 DO - 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.019 ID - Hecker2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hecker, T. AU - Hermenau, K. AU - Salmen, C. AU - Teicher, M. AU - Elbert, T. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Harsh discipline relates to internalizing problems and cognitive functioning: findings from a cross-sectional study with school children in Tanzania JO - BMC Psychiatry VL - 16 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0828-3 DO - 10.1186/s12888-016-0828-3 ID - Hecker2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Faul, F. AU - Erdfelder, E. AU - Lang, A. -. G. AU - Buchner, A. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences JO - Behav Res Methods VL - 39 UR - https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146 DO - 10.3758/BF03193146 ID - Faul2007 ER - TY - CHAP ED - Schor EL PY - 1999 DA - 1999// BT - Caring for your school-age child: ages 5 to 12 (revised) PB - Bantam Books CY - New York ID - ref41 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Goodman, R. AU - Meltzer, H. AU - Bailey, V. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version JO - Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s007870050057 DO - 10.1007/s007870050057 ID - Goodman1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bowen, D. J. AU - Kreuter, M. AU - Spring, B. AU - Cofta-Woerpel, L. AU - Linnan, L. AU - Weiner, D. AU - Bakken, S. AU - Kaplan, C. P. AU - Squiers, L. AU - Fabrizio, C. AU - Fernandez, M. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - How we design feasibility studies JO - Am J Prev Med VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.02.002 DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.02.002 ID - Bowen2009 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - National guidelines for research involving humans as research participants PB - UNCST CY - Kampala ID - ref44 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Muhanguzi, F. K. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Gender and sexual vulnerability of young women in Africa: experiences of young girls in secondary schools in Uganda JO - Cult Health Sex VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2011.571290 DO - 10.1080/13691058.2011.571290 ID - Muhanguzi2011 ER -