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Table 3 Proposed HAPA-based intervention components, behaviour change techniques, and potential mediators

From: Improving physical activity, pain and function in patients waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty by combining targeted exercise training with behaviour change counselling: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Intervention components

Behaviour change techniques

Potential mediators

Motivational component

Providing information on the risk factors of a sedentary lifestyle

Information provision

Mental imagery

Risk perception

Providing information on the benefits and advantages of regular walking

Information provision

Mental imagery

Positive outcome expectancy

Establishing confidence to start regular walking

Identification of resources

Modelling (modelling by others)

Mental imagery

Verbal persuasion

Action self-efficacy

Formulating the intentions of regular walking

Intention formation

Goal setting

Intention

Volitional component

Making plans on when, where, how and with whom to conduct regular walking

Planning exercise

Action planning

Developing strategies to cope with the barriers that may interfere with regular walking

Identification of barriers

Problem-solving

Coping planning

Developing confidence in maintaining regular walking with barriers, as well as resuming regular walking if interrupted

Mental imagery

Mastery experience (past experience)

Maintenance self- efficacy

Recovery self-efficacy

Developing strategies to remind and monitor regular walking

Self-monitoring exercise

Reminders and sign-in table

Action control

  1. HAPA Health Action Process Approach