Table 3 Elements of Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA)

Psychoeducation and engagement

Introduction

• Focus on obstacles to engagement

• Linking program to assisting with client’s problems

• Includes family when appropriate. Program information (duration, content, expectations)

• Normalization/validation of current symptoms/problems

Anxiety management strategies

Relaxation

• Strategies to improve physiological stress

• Examples include: deep breathing, meditation, muscle relaxation, and imagery. Others added by local cultures

Behavioral Activation

Getting Active (GA)

• Identifying and engaging in pleasurable, mood-boosting, or efficacy-increasing activities

Cognitive coping/Restructuring

Thinking in a Different Way (TDW) –

Part I and Part II

TDW1 and TDW2

• Understand association between thoughts, feelings, and behavior

• Learn to restructure thinking to be more accurate and/or helpful

Imaginal Gradual Exposure

Talking about trauma memories (TDM)

• Facing feared and avoided memories in detail

• Gradual desensitization/exposure

Suicide/homicide/danger assessment and planning

Safety

• Assessing client risk for suicide, homicide, and domestic violence

• Developing a focused plan with the client and client’s family (when appropriate)

• Additional referral/reporting when needed

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance use and relapse prevention

Substance use element (SU)

• Utilizes concepts of Motivational Interviewing to get client buy-in to change substance use/abuse behavior