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Table 4 Estimated adjusted odds ratios (robotic vs. laparoscopic) for conversion to open surgery vs. operating surgeon’s level of previous laparoscopic and robotic experience

From: Exploring and adjusting for potential learning effects in ROLARR: a randomised controlled trial comparing robotic-assisted vs. standard laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer resection

Effect

Surgeon’s laparoscopic experience level (no. of previous operations)

Surgeon’s robotic experience level (no. of previous operations)

Adjusted odds ratio (robotic vs. laparoscopic)

95% confidence interval for adjusted odds ratio

Lower limit

Upper limit

Primary analysis model

Robotic surgery (vs. laparoscopic)

0.614

0.311

1.211

Learning effects model

Robotic surgery (vs. laparoscopic)

45

30

0.969

0.431

2.178

50

0.559

0.264

1.185

100

0.265

0.084

0.840

91

30

0.968

0.432

2.172

50

0.559

0.265

1.180

100

0.265

0.084

0.836

180

30

0.960

0.431

2.138

50

0.554

0.267

1.151

100

0.263

0.085

0.814