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Table 1 Participant characteristics by group including demographic, injury and intervention-related characteristics

From: Psychological distress following a motor vehicle crash: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial investigating brief psychological interventions

Characteristics

Control

HL

CBT

Total

Age: mean years (SD)

47.67(14.8)

47.83(13.2)

42.70(16.0)

46.07(14.7)

Female n (%)

21(70.0)

19(63.3)

21(70.0)

61(67.8)

BMI M (SD)a

26.31(5.5)

29.74(6.0)

28.90(9.1)

28.27(7.2)

Marital status n (%)

 Single

5(16.7)

4(13.3)

8(26.7)

17(18.9)

 Widowed

0(0.0)

1(3.3)

2(6.7)

3(3.3)

 Divorced/separated

7(23.3)

3(10.0)

9(30.0)

19(21.1)

 Married/de facto

18(60.0)

22(73.4)

11(36.6)

51(56.7)

Education n (%)

 Up to year 10

8(26.7)

5(16.7)

5(16.7)

18(20.0)

 Year 12 or equivalent

3(10.0)

4(13.3)

3(10.0)

10(11.1)

 Technical or further education

9(30.0)

3(10.0)

7(23.3)

19(21.1)

 University

10(33.3)

18(60.0)

15(50.0)

43(47.8)

Work n (%)

 Full time

16(53.3)

14(46.7)

17(56.7)

47(52.2)

 Part time

8(26.8)

8(26.7)

7(23.3)

23(25.6)

 Pensioner

4(13.3)

7(23.3)

4(13.3)

15(16.7)

 Unemployed

1(3.3)

1(3.3)

2(6.7)

4(4.4)

 Student

1(3.3)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

1(1.1)

Role in MVC

 Driver

13(43.3)

21(70.0)

18(60.00)

52(57.8)

 Passenger

5(16.7)

6(20.0)

2(6.66)

13(14.4)

 Motorbike rider

5(16.7)

0(0.0)

8(26.66)

13(14.4)

 Bicyclist

3(10.0)

3(10.0)

1(3.33)

7(7.8)

 Pedestrian

4(13.3)

0(0.0)

1(3.33)

5(5.6)

Days since MVC: M (SD)

96.77(71.8)

81.13(52.3)

68.37(41.2)

82.09(57.1)

Days in hospital: M (SD)

0.80(1.7)

1.37(4.2)

0.93(1.8)

1.03(2.8)

Injury type/location

 Neck n (%)

5(17.2)

11(36.8)

8(28.6)

24(27.6)

 Shoulder n (%)

4(13.8)

1(3.3)

2(7.1)

7(8.1)

 Arm n (%)

2(6.9)

1(3.3)

2(7.1)

5(5.7)

 Upper back n (%)

3(10.3)

4(13.3)

4(14.3)

11(12.6)

 Lower back n (%)

7(24.1)

3(10.0)

4(14.3)

14(16.1)

 Leg n (%)

6(20.8)

6(20.0)

4(14.3)

16(18.4)

 Head n (%)

0(0.0)

3(10.0)

1(3.6)

4(4.6)

 Chest/abdomen n (%)

2(6.9)

1(3.3)

3(10.7)

6(6.9)

Pain intensity M (SD)b

7.10(1.9)

6.73(2.8)

6.30(2.5)

6.71(2.4)

Perceived danger in MVC M (SD)

2.87(1.3)

3.30(1.5)*

2.37(1.1)

2.84(1.4)

 None or small: n (%)

12(40.0)

11(36.7)

16(53.3)

39(43.3)

 Moderate, great, overwhelming: n (%)

18(60.0)

19(63.3)

14(46.7)

51(56.7)

Physical Health Composite Index: M(SD)

33.77(7.3)

34.36(10.1)

36.54(9.3)

34.89(9.0)

Mental Health Composite Index: M(SD)

42.09(14.0)

41.74(15.4)

44.79(14.3)

42.88(14.5)

Treated by psychologist/psychiatrist pre-MVC

 n (yes)

6(20.00)

7(23.3)

15(50.0)

28(31.1)

 n (no)

24(80.00)

23(76.7)

15(50.0)

62(68.9)

Psychiatric medications pre-MVCc

    

 n (yes)

8(26.7)

6(20.0)

8(26.7)

22(24.4)

 n (no)

22(73.3)

24(80.0)

22(73.3)

68(75.6)

Intervention-related characteristics

Telephone calls M (SD)d

2.47(1.6)

3.27(2.8)

3.23(2.6)

2.99(3.3)

Quality of rapport n (%)e

    

 Poor

5(16.7)

7(23.33)

2(6.7)

14(15.6)

 Somewhat

11(36.7)

10(33.3)

10(33.3)

31(34.4)

 Excellent

14(46.7)

13(43.3)

18(60.0)

45(50.0)

Email versus postal delivery n (%)

 Email

28(93.3)

27(90.0)

29(96.7)

84(93.3)

 Postal

2(6.7)

3(10.0)

1(3.3)

6(6.7)

  1. BMI body mass index, CBT cognitive behaviour therapy, HL healthy lifestyle, M mean, MVC motor vehicle crash, SD standard deviation
  2. *HL group significantly different to CBT (P < .05)
  3. aData missing for three people for HL; total n = 87
  4. bPain intensity score from 1 to 10
  5. cMedication information was obtained with the question ‘Have you ever been prescribed medication for anxiety or depression?’
  6. dTelephone calls relates to the number of calls required by the researcher to achieve the participants’ second assessment
  7. eQuality of rapport between researcher and participant is a subjective rating by the researcher who made the telephone calls