Table 1 Study groups
Study group | Hemodynamic monitoring | Monitoring interval | n |
|---|---|---|---|
hTEE protocolized monitoring (hTEEPM) | • hTEE-guided hemodynamic management • Additional hemodynamic monitoring of choice of the treating physician | • Study inclusion • Time of occurrence of new organ system deterioration • At least every 4 h | 125 |
hTEE standard monitoring (hTEESM) | • hTEE-guided hemodynamic management • Additional hemodynamic monitoring of choice of the treating physician | • Study inclusion • Follow-up measurement time points at the discretion of the treating physician • At least every 8 h (standard of care in our ICU) | 125 |
Control protocolized monitoring (ControlPM) | • Any hemodynamic monitoring of choice of the treating physician except hTEE | • Study inclusion • Time of occurrence of new organ system deterioration • At least every 4 h | 125 |
Control standard monitoring (ControlSM) | • Any hemodynamic monitoring of choice of the treating physician except hTEE | • Study inclusion • Follow-up measurement time points at the discretion of the treating physician • At least every 8 h (standard of care in our intensive care unit (ICU)) | 125 |