Table 2 Spot checks of sanitation and handwashing facilities during structured observations, rural Bangladesh, 2014

 Presence of functional water seal in latrine

(23) 25

(30) 16

6 (−8, 21) 0.38

(95) 52

71 (61, 81) < .001

(32) 17

9 (−6,24), 0.24

(28) 15

5 (−9,19) 0.52

(98) 52

75 (66,84) < .001

(95) 52

71 (61,81) < .001

 Stool visible on slab or floor or outside

(62) 67

(69) 37

6 (−9,-22) 0.41

(38) 21

−24 (−39,-8) 0.003

(55) 29

−7 (− 23,9) 0.38

(56) 30

−6 (− 22,-9) 0.43

(26) 14

−35 (−50,-20) < .001

(24) 13

−38 (−52,-24) < .001

 Presence of hygienic latrine^b

(14) 15

(17) 9

3 (− 9,14) .64

(60) 33

46 (30,60) < .001

(19) 10

5 (− 7,17) .43

(19) 10

4 (− 7,17) .46

(72) 38

58 (44,71) < .001

(71) 39

57 (43,70) < 0.001

 Human feces observed in the surrounding compound

(30) 32

(19) 10

−11 (−24,2) 0.10

(21) 12

− 8 (− 21,6) 0.27

(32) 17

2 (−12,18) 0.75

(39) 21

9 (− 6,25) 0.24

(13) 7

− 16 (−29,−4) 0.01

(26) 14

-4 (− 18,10) 0.57

 Animal feces observed in the compound

(92) 99

(93) 50

1.0 (−8,10) 0.84

(85) 47

−6.2 (−17,4) 0.25

(96) 51

4.6 (− 3,12) 0.22

(94) 51

2.8 (− 5,11) 0.50

(85) 45

−6.8 (− 18,4) 0.23

(89) 49

− 2.6 (− 12,7) 0.61

  Presence of handwashing station

(83) 90

(85) 46

2 (−10,13) 0.76

(84) 46

.3 (− 11,12) 0.96

(89) 47

5 (−5,16) 0.34

(87) 47

4 (−7,15) 0.50

(89) 47

5 (−5,-16) 0.35

(87) 48

4 (− 7,15) 0.50

  Presence of water

(82) 89

(85) 46

3 (−9,14) 0.64

(84) 46

1 (−10,13) 0.84

(75) 40

−12 (−27,1) 0.08

(87) 47

4 (− 7,16) 0.80

(81) 43

−1 (− 14,11) 0.84

(75) 41

−8 (− 21,05) 0.25

  Presence of soap/soapy water

(19) 21

(15) 8

−4 (− 16,7) 0.45

(18) 10

−1 (− 14,11) 0.84

(74) 39

52 (38,66) < .001

(26) 14

7 (− 7,2) 0.36

(81) 43

61 (49,74) < .001

(76) 42

57 (43,70) < .001

  Presence of water and soap

(19) 21

(15) 8

− 4 (− 16,7) 0.45

(18) 10

− 1 (− 14,11) 0.84

(64) 34

43 (23,58) < .001

(26) 14

6 (− 7,20) 0.36

(76) 40

56 (42,70) < .001

(69) 38

49 (35,64) < 0.001

  Presence of handwashing station

(19) 20

(13) 7

−5 (−17,6) 0.35

(5.5) 3

− 13 (− 22,-3) 0.007

(89) 47

71 (59,81) < .001

(7.4) 4

− 11 (− 21,-1) 0.03

(93) 49

74 (63,84) < .001

(91) 50

72 (62,83) < 0.001

  Presence of water

(17) 18

(13) 7

−4 (− 15,7) 0.52

(5.5) 3

− 11 (− 20,-2) 0.01

(74) 39

57 (43,70) < .001

(7.4) 4

−9 (− 19,0) 0.07

(83) 44

66 (54,78) 0.001

(78) 43

61 (48,74) < 0.001

  Presence of soap/soapy water

(5.6) 6

(9.3) 5

4 (− 5,12) 0.41

(0) 0

−5 (− 10,-1) 0.01

(79) 42

73 (62,85) < .001

(2.0) 1

−4 (− 9,2) 0.19

(87) 46

81 (71,93) < .001

(82) 45

76 (65,87) < 0.001

  Presence of water and soap

(4.6) 5

(9.3) 5

4 (− 4,13) 0.30

(0) 0

− 4 (− 8,-.7) 0.02

(66) 35

61 (48,74) < .001

(2.01) 1

− 3 (− 8,2) 0.31

(77) 41

72 (6,84) < .001

(73) 40

68 (56,80) < 0.001

  Presence of water and soap in at least one handwashing station

(21) 23

(22.2) 12

0.9 (−12,14) 0.13

(18) 10

− 3 (− 16,10) 0.63

(77) 41

54 (40,68) < .001

(28) 15

6 (−7,21) 0.37

(85) 45

64 (51,76) < .001

(85) 47

64 (52,76) < .001