Table 1 Baseline characteristics of WASH Benefits participants in control and intervention arms, rural Bangladesh, 2012

Education of mother of the youngest child

N = 1382

N = 698

N = 696

N = 688

N = 698

N = 703

N = 686

 No education

206 (15)

115 (17)

115 (17)

101 (15)

116 (17)

100 (14)

116 (17)

 Up-to primary

440 (32)

206 (30)

218 (31)

221 (32)

209 (30)

223 (32)

225 (33)

 Above primary

736 (53)

377 (54)

363 (52)

366 (53)

373 (53)

380 (54)

345 (50)

Education of father of the youngest child

N = 1378

N = 697

N = 695

N = 687

N = 697

N = 700

N = 685

 No education

406 (30)

201 (29)

209 (30)

221 (32)

211 (30)

221 (32)

203 (30)

 Up to primary

412 (30)

220 (32)

204 (29)

211 (31)

211 (30)

198 (28)

228 (33)

 Above primary

560 (41)

276 (40)

282 (41)

255 (37)

275 (40)

281 (40)

254 (37)

Monthly household income (USD)

133 ± 2.8

140 ± 4.2

131 ± 3.8

127 ± 3.6

132 ± 3.7

140 ± 4.2

137 ± 4.1

People/household

4.7 ± .06

4.7 ± .08

4.7 ± .08

4.7 ± .08

4.7 ± .08

4.7 ± .08

4.7 ± .08

Children <3 years/household

0.2 ± .01

0.2 ± .02

0.2 ± .02

0.2 ± .02

0.2 ± .02

0.2 ± .02

0.2 ± .02

Children <3 years/compound

0.7 ± .02

0.6 ± .03

0.6 ± .03

0.7 ± .03

0.7 ± .03

0.7 ± .03

0.7 ± .03

Own home

1357 (98)

688 (98)

691 (99)

676 (98)

686 (98)

686 (98)

670 (98)

Hectares of owned homestead land (mean ± SD)

.059 ± .002

.058 ± .003

.057 ± .003

.057 ± .003

.063 ± .004

.061 ± .003

.052 ± .002

Hectares of owned agricultural land (mean ± SD)

.427 ± .025

.395 ± .046

.407 ± .029

.411 ± .030

.425 ± .031

.420 ± .028

.459 ± .054

Household have own: n (%)

N = 1382

N = 698

N = 696

N = 688

N = 698

N = 703

N = 686

 Electricity

784 (57)

422 (61)

408 (59)

405 (59)

409 (59)

426 (61)

412 (60)

 Refrigerator

116 (8.4)

52 (7.5)

57 (8.2)

50 (7.3)

56 (8.0)

54 (7.7)

52 (7.6)

 Mobile phone

1188 (86)

605 (87)

591 (85)

582 (85)

589 (84)

600 (85)

593 (86)

 Television

416 (30)

215 (31)

225 (32)

210 (31)

205 (29)

187 (27)

203 (30)

 Motor cycle

100 (7.2)

46 (6.6)

47 (6.8)

35 (5.1)

49 (7.0)

53 (7.5)

32 (4.7)

Observed presence of water and soap in primary handwashing station

289/1256 (23)

149/630 (24)

155/631 (25)

133/622 (21)

149/644 (23)

151/646 (23)

146/640 (23)

Observed presence of water and soap in secondary handwashing station

33/147 (23)

11/78 (14)

15/75 (20)

10/75(13)

11/48 (23)

12/68 (18)

10/72(14)

Reported always handwashing with soap

N = 1382

N = 698

N = 696

N = 688

N = 698

N = 703

N = 686

 After defecation

590 (43)

288 (41)

298 (43)

271 (39)

289 (41)

334 (48)

287 (42)

 After cleaning child’s anus

39 (2.8)

14 (2.0)

24 (3.5)

21 (3.1)

18 (2.6)

28 (4.0)

19 (2.8)

 Before food preparation

17 (1.2)

9 (1.3)

6 (0.9)

8 (1.2)

7 (1.0)

11 (1.6)

10 (1.5)

Household owned a toilet

1321 (96)

680 (97)

664 (95)

656 (95)

661 (95)

670 (95)

662 (97)

Observed presence of functional water seal

358 (26)

183 (26)

177 (25)

162 (24)

183 (26)

152 (22)

155 (23)

Observed presence of hygienic latrine

243 (18)

140 (20)

127 (18)

123 (18)

134 (19)

101 (14)

106 (15)

Reported always use of toilet by male

1146 (83)

596 (85)

580 (83)

556 (81)

583 (84)

576 (82)

580 (85)

Reported always use of toilet by female

1283 (93)

665 (95)

649 (93)

625 (91)

648 (93)

651 (93)

647 (94)

Reported last child defecation (<3 years) in potty or toilet

32/272 (12)

16/128 (13)

9/132(6.8)

17/141 (12)

15/131 (11)

16/145 (11)

6/137 (4.4)

Reported safe disposal of <3 years child’s last open defecated feces

14/193 (7.3)

4/92 (4.5)

7/96 (7.3)

5/100 (5.0)

5/90 (5.6)

7/106 (6.6)

8/102 (7.8)

Primary source of drinking water

N = 1382

N = 698

N = 696

N = 688

N = 698

N = 703

N = 686

 Tubewell

1336 (97)

666 (95)

674 (97)

662 (96)

676 (97)

688 (98)

664 (97)

 Piped water

42 (3.0)

31 (4.4)

21 (3.0)

24 (3.5)

20 (2.9)

13 (1.9)

21 (3.1)

 Borewell, river, pond, etc.

4 (0.3)

1 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

Walking minutes to primary water source (mean ± SD)

.71 ± .04

.71 ± .06

.77 ± .08

.76 ± .07

.70 ± .07

.77 ± .05

.70 ± .07

Reported storage of drinking water

441 (30)

235 (35)

206 (30)

223 (32)

190 (27)

198 (28)

206 (30)

Reported ever treatment of drinking water

10 (0.7)

2 (0.3)

1 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

0 (0)

4 (0.6)