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Table 1 UPAVAN’s operational definition of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions

From: Upscaling Participatory Action and Videos for Agriculture and Nutrition (UPAVAN) trial comparing three variants of a nutrition-sensitive agricultural extension intervention to improve maternal and child nutritional outcomes in rural Odisha, India: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Nutrition-specific interventions or programs address the immediate determinants of nutrition status. For UPAVAN, this means age-appropriate feeding practices and adequate nutrient intake for children, maternal care to ensure rest and optimal nutrition, and care during child illness [7].

Nutrition-sensitive agriculture addresses the underlying causes of undernutrition and incorporates specific nutrition goals. For UPAVAN, this means increasing physical, economic, and socio-cultural access to nutritious food year-round; increasing resources for health and nutrition at individual and household levels; improving women’s decision-making in agriculture activities, time use, and use of income; and reducing workload for pregnant and lactating women. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture does no harm to humans or the environment