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Table 6 Features to consider in appraising whether clinical research is useful (retrieved from Ioannides [60])

From: The Strengthening Exercises in Shoulder Impingement trial (The SExSI-trial) investigating the effectiveness of a simple add-on shoulder strengthening exercise programme in patients with long-lasting subacromial impingement syndrome: Study protocol for a pragmatic, assessor blinded, parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial

Feature

Question to ask

Problem base

Is there a health problem that is big/important enough to fix?

Context placement

Has prior evidence been systematically assessed to inform (the need for) new studies?

Information gain

Is the proposed study large and long enough to be sufficiently informative?

Pragmatism

Does the research reflect real life? If it deviates, does this matter?

Patient centeredness

Does the research reflect top patient priorities?

Value for money

Is the research worth the money?

Feasibility

Can this research be done?

Transparency

Are methods, data and analyses verifiable and unbiased?