Inclusion criteria |
• Severe aortic stenosis (calcified aortic valve, aortic valve area < 1 cm2 or body surface area index < 0.6 cm2, mean transvalvular gradient > 40 mmHg or peak systolic velocity > 4 m/s) or double aortic lesion with predominance of stenosis |
• Sympotomatic (dyspnea NYHA score ≥ 2, angina or syncope) |
• Age ≥ 18 years |
• Capacity to give informed consent |
Exclusion criteria |
• Moderately depressed ejection fraction (< 40%) |
• Prior heart surgery (redo operation) |
• Emergent surgery (within the first 24 h of admission) |
• Infectious endocarditis |
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease greater than moderate (forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) predicted < 60% measured by spirometry) |
• Need for concomitant surgery except Morrow myectomy preoperative or intraoperative |