Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

 Military Veteran

 Age ≥ 18 years

 ISI ≥ 15 (moderately severe insomnia) and DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder

Exclusion criteria

 Current/past bipolar disorder or seizure disorder, and current psychotic disorder in order to avoid potential exacerbation of manic/hypomanic, seizure, and psychotic symptoms, respectively, as adverse reactions to aspects of BBTI/CBTI (e.g., sleep restriction)

 Current alcohol use disorder or substance use disorder as BBTI/CBTI cannot reverse the adverse effects of substances on sleep

 Other current, severe or unstable, psychiatric and medical disorders that necessitate clinical management that can confound results (e.g., cancer [receiving chemotherapy], suicidality, recent hospitalization [medical/surgical] for which recovery overlaps with study onset and duration, open skull/brain injury, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury)

 Previously diagnosed sleep apnea that is not adequately treated or probable sleep apnea (STOP-BANG ≥ 5)

 Moderate to severe cognitive impairment (SLUMS ≤ 20) and/or diagnosis in the medical record indicative of moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment

 If using a sleep medication, the medication and dose has changed in the past month and/or is expected to change during the treatment phase of the study

 If using other psychotropic medication, medication and dose has changed in the past 2 months and/or are expected to change during the treatment phase of the study

 The following are exclusionary as they represent (potentially) temporary states/situations that may significantly impair normal sleep:

 Women who are pregnant and/or breast feeding

 Unstable environment that is not in one’s control (e.g., homeless, temporary group home, care-taking duties at night)

 Shift work: severe delayed sleep phase disorder (e.g., habitual bedtime after 4 a.m. or habitual rise time after 11 a.m.)

 Restless leg syndrome with symptoms > 2 times per week and causing significant distress