Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria of the PROUD trial
Inclusion criteria | All participants must meet DSM-5 criteria for a lifetime history of childhood onset ADHD (DSM-5 314.00, 314.01) as well as current ADHD criteria established by a specialist in the field |
Age 14 – < 30 years | |
Written informed consent of the legal caretakers of the participant (age < 18 years) and, if possible, written assent of the participant (age < 18 years) himself | |
Written informed consent of the of the participant (age ≥ 18 years) | |
Stable TAU comprising pharmacotherapy, group-based or individual CBT (not including elements of BLT or EI) | |
Normal or corrected to normal vision | |
Ability to understand, read, write, and speak fluently in the language of the study site | |
Ability to regularly and reliably attend appointments | |
Exclusion criteria | IQ < 75 (measured by WAIS-IV or WISC-IV vocabulary and matrix reasoning subtests) |
Any severe co-morbid psychiatric disorder other than the co-morbid conditions explicitly studied with necessary additional psychopharmacotherapy or psychiatric intervention involving day-care/inpatient treatment at start of study, especially a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, schizoaffective disorder or organic psychiatric disorder (current or lifetime) | |
Any severe medical or neurological condition interfering with interventions | |
Any severe medical or neurological condition not allowing BLT or EI | |
Use of antipsychotic or anti-epileptic medication, photo-sensitizing medication (e.g. lithium, St. John’s Wort) | |
Substance use disorder (DSM-5) or dependency (DSM-5) | |
History of epilepsy | |
Acute suicidal ideation | |
Pregnancy | |
Participant is related to the investigator or study staff | |
Participation in other clinical trials and observation period of competing trials (participation in other studies is permitted if the respective study is a no-medication or psychotherapy trial and if its aims do not interfere with the aims of the present study) | |
No participant will be allowed to enroll in this trial more than once |