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Table 2 Multicomponent intervention

From: A multicomponent intervention for the management of chronic pain in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Session

Physical exercise

Cognitive behavioral technique

Session 1

Principles and safety guidelines for physical exercises

Warming up

Neck stretching

Shoulder stretching

Arm strengthening

Wall push-up

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Participants’ expectation of the course and personal goals

Discussion: daily difficulties due to pain

Understanding of pain: pain types, theories, and factors that contribute to pain and the consequences

Pain management: healthy lifestyle and discussion

Homework: pain diary (mood monitor)

Session 2

Warming up

Neck stretching

Shoulder stretching

Arm strengthening

Wall push-up

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Understanding of the stress-pain-appraisal connection

Introducing the maintenance cycle: relationships between thought, emotion, behavior, and bodily sensation

Homework: pain and stress relationship worksheet

Session 3

Warming up

Upper body stretching

Back stretching

Arm strengthening

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Review of the maintenance cycle

Discussion: how do your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors impact your chronic pain?

Identify automatic thoughts and beliefs

Introducing unhelpful thinking habits

Challenging thoughts

Practice the thought record sheet

Homework: thought record sheet

Session 4

Warming up

Upper body stretching

Back stretching

Arm strengthening

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Acceptance of pain

Self-statement exercise

Homework: self-statement record sheet

Session 5

Warming up

Back leg raise

Side leg raise

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Mood monitoring

Strategies to cope with stress

Breathing exercise

Homework: mood thermometer worksheet

Session 6

Warming up

Back leg raise

Side leg raise

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Use of public resources

Social support

Communication skills

Muscle relaxation exercise

Homework: assertiveness worksheet

Session 7

Warming up

Hamstring stretching

Knee extension

Heel raise

Body weight squat

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Case discussion

Activity scheduling

The importance of sleep

Managing sleep problems

Homework: activity diary

Session 8

Warming up

Hamstring stretching

Knee extension

Heel raise

Body weight squat

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Case discussion: taking good care of yourself

Identifying personal strengths by reflecting on past successful coping efforts

Rewarding yourself

Grounding techniques

Homework: keeping a log of thankful events and grounding exercise

Session 9

Warming up

Neck stretching

Shoulder stretching

Upper body stretching

Back stretching

Arm strengthening

Wall push-up

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Discussion: what do you want to do but have to give up because of the pain, and what else can you do despite pain?

Goal setting

Homework: goal setting worksheet (SMART [specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time-bound] goals)

Session 10

Warming up

Hamstring stretching

Knee stretching

Back leg raise

Side leg raise

Body weight squat

Balance exercises

Cooling down

Hot and cold compress

Review of homework from previous session

Discussion: reflection on effectiveness of physical exercise on dealing with chronic pain

Reviewing concepts and skills learned in the course thus far

Exercise: relapse prevention and reviewing coping strategies by using worksheet

Take-home messages