PICC failure (per patient)
|
4 (10%)
|
1 (20%)
|
3 (7%)
|
3 (9%)a
|
Incidence rate (95% CI)b
|
9.03 (3.39–24.1)
|
17.4 (2.45–123)
|
9.43 (3.04–29.2)
|
9.57 (3.09–29.7)
|
Rate ratio (95% CI)
|
referent
|
1.92 (0.04–19.4)
|
1.04 (0.15–6.17)
|
1.06 (0.16–6.27)
|
Log-rank test (p value)
|
referent
|
0.629
|
0.905
|
0.939
|
Catheter-days
|
443
|
58
|
318
|
313
|
PICC dwell time (days)c
|
8.94 (3.13, 20.9)
|
9.99 (7.23, 16.1)
|
5.56 (4.11, 9.97)
|
7.11 (4.00, 14.8)
|
Secondary outcomes:
|
- CABSI
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
2 (5%)
|
1 (3%)
|
- dislodgement
|
4 (10%)
|
1 (20%)
|
0 (0%)
|
2 (6%)
|
- occlusion
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (2%)
|
0 (0%)
|
- fracture
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (20%)
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (3%)
|
- 1st secdev life <7d (n = 116)
|
26 (72%)
|
4 (80%)
|
25 (61%)
|
25 (74%)
|
- patient satisfactiond,e
|
8.79 (1.67)
|
9.25 (1.50)
|
9.17 (1.48)
|
8.17 (2.02)
|
- difficulty of removald,f
|
8.44 (2.14)
|
5.00 (4.36)
|
7.97 (2.38)
|
6.04 (2.74)
|
Skin complicationg
|
12 (30%)
|
1 (20%)
|
9(21%)
|
13 (36%)
|
Phlebitis indicators (n = 119):h
|
- pain ≥2/10
|
2 (5%)
|
0 (0%)
|
4 (10%)
|
5 (14%)
|
- tenderness ≥2/10
|
5 (13%)
|
0 (0%)
|
8 (20%)
|
10 (28%)
|
- erythema (any)
|
7 (18%)
|
0 (0%)
|
8 (20%)
|
11 (31%)
|
- swelling (any)
|
1 (3%)
|
1 (20%)
|
3 (7%)
|
9 (26%)
|
- purulent discharge
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (20%)
|
1 (2%)
|
2 (6%)
|
- any
|
11 (29%)
|
2 (40%)
|
17 (41%)
|
18 (51%)
|
Serious adverse events:
|
- death
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (2%)
|
2 (6%)
|
- positive blood culture
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
2 (5%)
|
2 (6%)
|
- other
|
2 (5%)
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (2%)
|
1 (3%)
|
Number of dressing changes:
|
72
|
8
|
52
|
60
|
- Incidence rateb
|
163
|
139
|
163
|
191
|
Dressing/secdev life:
| | | | |
- days to first changec
|
1.71 (0.66, 3.38)
|
0.94 (0.41, 2.60)
|
1.83 (0.53, 5.45)
|
1.49 (0.56, 3.44)
|
- daysd
|
3.68 (1.77)
|
5.21 (2.86)
|
3.53 (1.98)
|
3.41 (1.52)
|
Reason for change (n = 189)i:
|
- routine
|
45 (62%)
|
3 (38%)
|
27 (53%)
|
19 (33%)
|
- dressing lifting
|
19 (26%)
|
4 (50%)
|
11 (22%)
|
27 (47%)
|
- sweating
|
4 (6%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
2 (3%)
|
- leakage
|
2 (3%)
|
2 (25%)
|
1 (2%)
|
0 (0%)
|
- bleeding
|
12 (17%)
|
5 (62%)
|
11 (21%)
|
10 (17%)
|
- unknown
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
0 (0%)
|
1 (2%)
|
- other
|
18 (25%)
|
2 (25%)
|
20 (39%)
|
28 (48%)
|